{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T18:16:18Z","timestamp":1790014578619,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Williams syndrome (WS) is a multi\u2010system condition caused by the deletion of 25\u201327 coding genes on human chromosome 7. Irritability, gastrointestinal (GI) reflux and slow growth are commonly reported in infants with WS, but less data exist regarding GI concerns in older children and adults with the condition. This study evaluates 62 individuals with WS (31 children aged 3\u201317, and 31 adults aged 18\u201362) as well as 36 pediatric and adult controls to assess current and historical rates of common GI symptoms. Data were evaluated using a regression model including age, sex, self\u2010reported race, and diagnosis. Symptoms including food intolerance, reflux, dysphagia, choking\/gagging, vomiting, constipation, bloating, diarrhea, hematochezia, rectal prolapse, abdominal pain, and weight loss are more common in those with WS relative to controls. In addition, people with WS utilize more GI medications, specialty care, procedures, and supplemental feeds. Among those with WS, symptoms were present at similar rates in children and adults, except for diverticular disease, which was not noted until adulthood. GI symptoms are frequent in people with WS and serve as a significant source of morbidity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.63827","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]],"date-time":"2024-07-29T08:44:05Z","timestamp":1722242645000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Gastrointestinal manifestations in Williams syndrome: A prospective analysis of an adult and pediatric cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"194","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Boechler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Walter Reed Army Medical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Tripler Army Military Medical Center  Honolulu HI USA"},{"name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi\u2010Ping","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Biostatistics Research National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neelam","family":"Raja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Ruiz\u2010Escobar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likitha","family":"Nimmagadda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Osgood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of the Clinical Director National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark D.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colleen","family":"Hadigan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health Clinical Center  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9757-7118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beth A.","family":"Kozel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Vascular Medicine Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health  Bethesda USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.30400"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36704-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2005.00761.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e31815c3b1b"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.62990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00775.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-021-00276-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2023.122405"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.61522"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","volume-title":"GeneReviews((R))","author":"Morris C. 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