{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T20:35:03Z","timestamp":1791491703586,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,4]],"date-time":"2025-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746316800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1000000002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1000000002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Down syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>) is a common chromosomal aneuploidy characterized by intellectual disability. Older maternal age is the strongest known risk factor for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content>. The purpose of this study was to describe <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence among major racial\/ethnic groups stratified by maternal age, and to assess trends in prevalence over time in Texas. Cases with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> diagnoses delivered between 1999 and 2020 were identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry (TBDR). Birth prevalence and crude prevalence ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRs<\/jats:styled-content>) by maternal race\/ethnicity, maternal education, residence along the Texas\u2010Mexico border, and Texas public health region (PHR) were calculated. Trends over time were assessed using Joinpoint. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence was significantly lower among mothers &lt;\u200935\u2009years compared to those 35+ years. Hispanic mothers, mothers with less than high school education, and mothers residing along the Texas\u2013Mexico border had consistently higher <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PRs<\/jats:styled-content>. Joinpoint analyses revealed significant increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence over time among non\u2010Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers. These findings identified significant increases in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence among non\u2010Hispanic Black and Hispanic mothers compared to non\u2010Hispanic White mothers, suggesting a potential widening of racial\/ethnic differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> occurrence. Further research is needed to explore underlying drivers of these trends and to address differences in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DS<\/jats:styled-content> prevalence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.64109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T02:54:27Z","timestamp":1746413667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Trends in the Prevalence of Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21) in Texas by Maternal Race\/Ethnicity and Maternal Age Groups, 1999\u20132020"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"197","author":[{"given":"Charles","family":"Shumate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Allred","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Dixon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9277-6831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dayana","family":"Betancourt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlyn","family":"Yantz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9943-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"Howell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henal","family":"Gandhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Kilburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology, Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine  Houston Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5874-4155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. 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