{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:13:23Z","timestamp":1772993603728,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751932800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt A"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n This pilot study was designed to assess pediatricians\u2019 bias about intellectual disability (\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n ); whether symptoms suggesting Down syndrome (\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), meconium aspiration syndrome (\n MAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), cerebral palsy (\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), and fetal alcohol effects (\n FAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) predict lower ratings of infant potential versus controls; and whether proposed advice to parents of a likely\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n diagnosis versus another diagnosis (such as meconium aspiration syndrome) would be more negative. Pediatricians (\n N\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n \u200956) completed an implicit association test (\n IAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) for intellectual disability (\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) plus an experimental vignette survey about a few days' old infant with apparent\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n MAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n FAE<\/jats:styled-content>\n , or\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n in Qualtrics. Measured outcomes were bias about\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n , ratings of expected development, and advice for parents. Data were assessed using\n d<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010score frequencies,\n ANOVAs<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and Tukey's\n HSD<\/jats:styled-content>\n plus Cohen's\n d<\/jats:italic>\n , and narrative analysis. Pediatricians (93%;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200952) had high negative bias about persons with\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n d\u2010<\/jats:italic>\n scores <\u2009=\u2009\u22120.36). For\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus\n MAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n , pediatricians expected\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n to be higher (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001,\n \n d<\/jats:italic>\n \n Cohen<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20093.05) and childhood, adolescent, and adult daily living skills to be lower (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05,\n \n d<\/jats:italic>\n \n Cohen<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.64;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05,\n \n d<\/jats:italic>\n \n Cohen<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20092.47;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05,\n \n d<\/jats:italic>\n \n Cohen<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.70). For\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus\n CP<\/jats:styled-content>\n , pediatricians expected early developmental skills quality to be higher (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.012,\n \n d<\/jats:italic>\n \n Cohen<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:sub>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2009=\u20091.14); later developmental skills quality did not differ between groups. Less reassuring advice was considered for parents of the infants with\n DS<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus\n MAS<\/jats:styled-content>\n . In this pilot study, pediatricians generally exhibited a negative bias for infants with\n ID<\/jats:styled-content>\n , and their perceptions about the infant's ability, as well as their associated advice for parents, were related to the postnatal diagnosis. Future research can expand and more extensively explore the use of\n IAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n for intellectual disabilities within obstetric and pediatric practices.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.64166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T08:53:29Z","timestamp":1751964809000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring Pediatricians\u2019 Implicit Bias Related to Newborns\u2019 Intellectual Disability Risk: Merged Vignette and Implicit Association Test (\n IAT<\/scp>\n ) Results"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"197","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-9062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robin L.","family":"Treptow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fielding Graduate University Santa Barbara California USA"},{"name":"Divine Mercy University Arlington Virginia USA"},{"name":"Harvard Extension School Cambridge 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