{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:46:35Z","timestamp":1763016395600},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,28]],"date-time":"2003-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) has long been known to be familial, and evidence from twin studies indicates that it has a substantial genetic component. Our genome scan of sibling pair families with GTS found evidence suggestive of linkage to several chromosomal locations. On the basis of these findings, we have begun to study additional markers in these regions, with some of the markers located in candidate genes. Two candidate genes stand out in these regions: the adrenergic receptor \u03b11C(1A) (<jats:italic>ADRA1C<\/jats:italic>) located on chromosome 8p and the adrenergic receptor \u03b12A (<jats:italic>ADRA2A<\/jats:italic>) located on chromosome 10q. The adrenergic system has been suggested to play a role in GTS based on the reduction of symptoms with the adrenergic receptor agonists, clonidine and guanfacine. We examined the inheritance of polymorphisms in the <jats:italic>ADRA2A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>ADRA1C<\/jats:italic> genes in 113 nuclear families identified through a GTS proband. We found no significant evidence for linkage using the transmission disequilibrium test for these two genes. Based on our families, we conclude that these genes are not major genetic factors contributing to the susceptibility to GTS. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,17]],"date-time":"2003-04-17T10:02:02Z","timestamp":1050573722000},"page":"54-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of the genes for the adrenergic receptors \u03b12A and \u03b11C and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"119B","author":[{"given":"Chun","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fatih","family":"Ozbay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Wigg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rayzie","family":"Shulman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eda","family":"Tahir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanki","family":"Yazgan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Sandor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy 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