{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T07:06:49Z","timestamp":1770016009752,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,22]],"date-time":"2003-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1043193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Tourette Syndrome Association"},{"name":"Pinguin-Stiftung and the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (National Genome Network)","award":["01GS0118-01GS0168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01GS0118-01GS0168"]}]},{"name":"Pinguin-Stiftung and the Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (National Genome Network)","award":["GE-S13T01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GE-S13T01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder of unknown cause. There is, however, growing evidence that both autoimmune and genetic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of GTS. In classical autoimmune disorders such as diabetes mellitus or multiple sclerosis, genetic susceptibility is at least in part conferred by human leucocyte antigen (HLA\u2010) subtypes, in particular by distinct HLA\u2010DRB alleles. We undertook modern, PCR\u2010based HLA\u2010DRB typing in 83 trios (affected index child and both parents) to investigate whether GTS may be associated with a particular HLA\u2010DRB allele. The extended transmission\/disequilibrium test (ETDT) was applied to analyze transmission disequilibrium for any of the 13 alleles detected. The ETDT failed to detect transmission disequilibrium for any allele at the DRB1 locus (overall allele\u2010wise \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> (12)\u2009=\u200912.741, Monte Carlo <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.4998). Our results imply that the HLA\u2010DRB locus does not confer genetic susceptibility to GTS. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,4,17]],"date-time":"2003-04-17T10:02:02Z","timestamp":1050573722000},"page":"60-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["HLA\u2010DRB genotyping in Gilles de la Tourette patients and their 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