{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T12:26:47Z","timestamp":1773664007000,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,13]],"date-time":"2004-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1073952000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several lines of evidence have suggested that naturally occurring alterations in cholecystokinin (CCK) systems could contribute to the development of panic disorder (PD). Among recent investigations, polymorphisms of the CCK and CCK\u2010B receptor (R) genes were investigated, but the results were inconclusive. We recently cloned the genomic structures of human CCK\u2010AR, and determined the transcriptional start site of the human CCK\u2010AR gene. Two sequence changes were detected in the promoter region: a G to T change in nucleotide \u2212128 and an A to G change in nucleotide \u221281 (GenBank database under accession number D85606). The frequencies of the genotypes and haplotypes of these two polymorphisms were compared in 109 Japanese patients with PD and 400 age\u2010 and gender\u2010matched normal Japanese control subjects. The frequency of variant genotypes (\u221281A\/G, \u2212128G\/T; G\/G, G\/T, and G\/G, T\/T) having variant haplotype (\u221281G\/\u2212128T) was significantly higher in PD than in controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001, OR\u2009=\u20092.81, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.74\u20134.39). The statistical differences between the haplotype distributions in the PD and control groups were highly significant: the frequency of variant haplotype (\u221281G\/\u2212128T) was higher in the former group than in the latter (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). This association was not affected by clinical characteristics such as age, gender, and age at onset of PD. In this study, the first to report the positive association of the CCK\u2010AR polymorphisms and PD, haplotype analyses further strengthened the association based on our comparison of genotype distributions. The CCK\u2010AR gene polymorphism may be involved in the neurobiology of PD. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,20]],"date-time":"2004-04-20T17:06:59Z","timestamp":1082480819000},"page":"78-80","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Association of cholecystokinin\u2010A receptor gene polymorphisms and panic disorder in Japanese"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127B","author":[{"given":"Kyoko","family":"Miyasaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sachio","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Higuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Shirakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Shimokata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Funakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810310021005"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1989.01810060031006"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(00)01080-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000788"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000875"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.10043"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1997.4749"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000507"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1999.1459"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01176-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03326426"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02693.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_15_1","volume-title":"SAS\/STAT\u2122 user's guide, release 6.03","author":"SAS Institute Inc","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.10.1sup_46"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000403)96:2<141::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350200135"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19980508)81:3<228::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-S"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_20_1","first-page":"G628","article-title":"Cholecystokinin receptors, a review","volume":"269","author":"Wank SA","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020170033"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.20160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.20160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T21:33:49Z","timestamp":1697232829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.20160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,13]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,5,15]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.20160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.20160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,1,13]]}}}