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In order to adjust for recent concepts of autism, we employed criteria for the broad spectrum of disease and the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) for quantitative assessment. The CARS test was performed on 45 twin pairs (19 monozygotic, 26 dizygotic) detected with a regional routine screening system. The obtained CARS scores were subjected to structural equation modeling (SEM), incorporating sex differences for each causal influence ascertainment correction, using the Mx software. A best fitting model of causal influences on autistic traits measured continuously, incorporating additive genetic (A) and non\u2010shared environmental influences (E), was generated. With this AE model, the estimated heritability was 0.73 for males and 0.87 for females, based on the continuous CARS scores. There was no evidence for the existence of sex\u2010specific genetic influences. Autistic traits were highly heritable in twins with even broad spectrum of autism, corresponding to the results of early studies based on classical autism. Additive genetic factors were more influential in females than males. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30740","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,24]],"date-time":"2008-03-24T17:46:30Z","timestamp":1206380790000},"page":"844-849","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Genetic influences on the broad spectrum of autism: Study of proband\u2010ascertained 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