{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T07:05:57Z","timestamp":1793257557134,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328832000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The impact of the promoter polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter (5\u2010HTTLPR) on mood has been studied by two\u2010way interaction models comprising one environmental factor and genotype variants. However, childhood abuse is assumed to be associated with different psychobiological long\u2010term effects than adult traumatic events. Both types of trauma may interact on an individual basis throughout the lifespan moderating the impact of the 5\u2010HTTLPR <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic> allele on depressive disorders. Therefore, the hypothesis of a three\u2010way interaction among the 5\u2010HTTLPR, childhood abuse and adult traumatic experience was tested. Caucasian subjects (1,974) from the general population in Germany (Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP)) were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI\u2010II). Childhood abuse was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Adult traumatic events were derived from the SCID interview (DSM\u2010IV) on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Global three\u2010way interactions among the 5\u2010HTTLPR, adult traumatic experiences and childhood abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0007) were found. Carriers of the <jats:italic>ss<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>sl<\/jats:italic> genotypes who had been exposed to childhood abuse and to more than two adult traumatic events had higher mean BDI\u2010II scores (16.0 [95% CI 8.4\u201323.6]) compared to those carrying the <jats:italic>ll<\/jats:italic> genotype (7.6 [4.5\u201310.7]). These results were supported using a second, more severe definition of childhood abuse (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). No two\u2010way interactions were observed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). Childhood abuse and adult traumatic events may act synergistically in interaction with the <jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic> allele of the 5\u2010HTTLPR to increase the risk for depressive symptoms independently from the lifetime diagnosis of PTSD. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T14:37:35Z","timestamp":1328884655000},"page":"298-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Moderation of adult depression by the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5\u2010HTTLPR), childhood abuse and adult traumatic events in a general population sample"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159B","author":[{"given":"Hans J\u00f6rgen","family":"Grabe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Schwahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessie","family":"Mahler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Spitzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Fenske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"Appel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Barnow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Nauck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Schomerus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reiner","family":"Biffar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Rosskopf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrich","family":"John","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"V\u00f6lzke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald J\u00fcrgen","family":"Freyberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.81"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Beck depression inventory\u2014Manual","author":"Beck AT","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(02)00541-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2010.09101452"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2010.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.085993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","volume-title":"Structured Clinical Interview for DSM\u2010IV Axis I Disorders","author":"First MB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001555"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08101542"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.45"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.09.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2006.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01281159"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01157-X"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","first-page":"185","article-title":"Persistent changes in corticotropin\u2010releasing factor systems due to early life stress: Relationship to the pathophysiology of major depression and post\u2010traumatic stress disorder","volume":"33","author":"Heim C","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.09.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01324255"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.5.529"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.06122007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.6.482"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301571"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20577"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2270"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.08.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jis\/3.1.34"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31118"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00962698"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1463"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.878"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021344"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145705005936"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","volume-title":"User's guide, Stata Statistical Software: Release 10","author":"StataCorp","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318193064c"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.10.1552"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyp394"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247564"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.57"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.153"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.32027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32027","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T09:53:57Z","timestamp":1697018037000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32027"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32027"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32027","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]}}}