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It has become apparent that gene\u2009\u00d7\u2009environment interactions may explain individual variation in stress resilience and predisposition to mental disorders. We aimed to replicate previous genetic findings in 16 putative anxiety susceptibility genes and further test whether they modulate the risk for developing an anxiety disorder in adulthood after childhood stress exposure. We tested 93 single\u2010nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for genetic association to anxiety disorders in the Finnish population\u2010based Health 2000 sample (282 cases and 575 matched controls). In addition, we examined by logistic regression modeling whether the SNP genotypes modified the effect of the number of self\u2010reported childhood adversities on anxiety disorder risk. The most significant evidence for association was observed in glutamate decarboxylase 1 (<jats:italic>GAD1<\/jats:italic>) with phobias (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0005). A subsequent meta\u2010analysis (N\u2009=\u20091985) incorporating previously published findings supported involvement of a single <jats:italic>GAD1<\/jats:italic> risk haplotype in determining susceptibility to a broad range of internalizing disorders (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0009). We additionally found that SNPs and haplotypes in neuropeptide Y (<jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic>) modified the effect of childhood adversities on anxiety susceptibility (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003). In conclusion, we provide further support for involvement of mainly <jats:italic>GAD1<\/jats:italic>, but also <jats:italic>NPY<\/jats:italic> in determining predisposition to anxiety disorders. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]],"date-time":"2012-02-10T14:38:24Z","timestamp":1328884704000},"page":"316-327","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Support for involvement of glutamate decarboxylase 1 and neuropeptide y in anxiety susceptibility"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159B","author":[{"given":"Jonas","family":"Donner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tessa","family":"Sipil\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuli","family":"Ripatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Kananen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangning","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jouko","family":"L\u00f6nnqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Pirkola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Hettema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iiris","family":"Hovatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000163984.71993.FE"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM\u2010IV\u2010TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2008.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20648"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622970701459810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30699"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011504"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1083968"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20695"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2009.12.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000345"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.10018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/156802607782341037"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.56021\/9780801844454","volume-title":"Likelihood: Expanded edition","author":"Edwards AWF","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002094"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000182892"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","first-page":"655","volume-title":"Neurobiology of mental illness","author":"Garakani A","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016775"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20605"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/377003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20615"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300311"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.20121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","volume-title":"Methodology report. 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