{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,18]],"date-time":"2024-07-18T00:50:41Z","timestamp":1721263841273},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cholecystokinin type A receptor (CCKAR) gene has been found to be associated with positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia but the results reported to date are inconsistent. Considering the involvement of allelic heterogeneity in poor replication of the CCKAR finding, we genotyped five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the 5\u2032 putative regulatory region of the CCKAR gene in a Chinese case\u2013control sample and then applied the 5\u2010SNP haplotype analysis to extract allelic heterogeneity information. The results showed that three individual haplotypes were strongly associated with increased risk of schizophrenia (corrected <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.9\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20092.5\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>, and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091.4\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>, respectively) and their combination gave an odds ratio (OR) of 6.12 with 95% CI 3.67\u201310.21 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20096.7\u2009\u00d7\u200910<jats:sup>\u221215<\/jats:sup>). The haplotypes were also associated with some clinical symptoms including hallucination, suspiciousness, and hostility. Our work provided further evidence in support of the CCKAR hypothesis of schizophrenia and also suggested that haplotype\u2010based association analysis may be a powerful approach for identification of allelic heterogeneity of a disease\u2010underlying gene, which is very likely to be attributable to poor replication of an initial finding due to the reduction of sample power and the complexity of genetic architectures. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]],"date-time":"2012-07-23T13:47:16Z","timestamp":1343051236000},"page":"741-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Investigation of allelic heterogeneity of the CCK\u2010A receptor gene in paranoid schizophrenia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"159B","author":[{"given":"Chunming","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200619"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890423349"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2010.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2381"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(200021)97:1<12::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12715-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000119108"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05887"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra035458"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/155.5.478"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.07.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022097"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/14622416.4.5.547"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2075"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820200059006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-004-0603-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62345-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.940"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0020141"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2004.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.485"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1142382"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08192"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.487"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2064"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08186"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.25"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(20000403)96:2<141::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-R"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(01)00276-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0b013e3280298292"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.609"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)80719-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000677"}],"container-title":["American 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