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A total of 36 patients with paranoid schizophrenia, 43 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and 44 healthy controls were recruited to undergo resting\u2010state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs\u2010fMRI) for analysis of regional homogeneity (ReHo). Twelve regions of interest (ROIs) in the frontal and temporal lobes were generated and one\u2010way ANOVA was performed to test the ReHo differences within these ROIs between the above three groups. The ReHo values within ROIs were extracted to investigate whether a left\u2010right asymmetry existed in a mental disorder. One\u2010way ANOVA showed significant differences in ReHo in the right superior frontal gyrus and left superior temporal gyrus; post hoc analysis revealed that schizophrenic patients had lower ReHo in the left superior temporal gyrus than either control subjects or patients with MDD. Increased ReHo was observed in the right superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenic patients compared with control subjects, and a left\u2010less\u2010than\u2010right asymmetry was also found in this region in schizophrenic patients. The above alterations in ReHo were not affected by age and genders. Our study suggests that the altered ReHo in the superior frontal and temporal gyrus may be specific for schizophrenia rather than MDD. A left\u2010less\u2010than\u2010right asymmetry activation pattern may exist in the resting\u2010state superior frontal gyrus in schizophrenia. This finding would be helpful for better understanding the pathological mechanisms of schizophrenia. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,20]],"date-time":"2012-11-20T14:21:38Z","timestamp":1353421298000},"page":"36-43","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Comparative study of regional homogeneity in schizophrenia and major depressive 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