{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T08:40:28Z","timestamp":1761986428684,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1437004800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH085542","R01 MH085548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH085542","R01 MH085548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Advanced paternal age (APA) is a risk factor for schizophrenia (Sz) and bipolar disorder (BP). Putative mechanisms include heritable genetic factors, de novo mutations, and epigenetic mechanisms. Few studies have explored phenotypic features associated with APA. The Genomic Psychiatry Cohort established a clinically characterized repository of genomic samples from subjects with a Sz\u2010BP diagnosis or unaffected controls, 12,975 with parental age information. We estimated relative risk ratios for Sz, schizoaffective depressed and bipolar types (SA\u2010D, SA\u2010B), and BP with and without history of psychotic features (PF) relative to the control group, comparing each paternal age group to the reference group 20\u201324 years. All tests were two\u2010sided with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Subjects with fathers age 45+ had significantly higher risk for all diagnoses except for BP w\/o PF. APA also bore no significant relation to family psychiatric history. In conclusion, we replicated APA as a risk factor for Sz. To our knowledge, this is the first published report of APA in a BP sample stratified by psychosis history, extending this association only in BP w\/PF. This suggests that phenotypic expression of the APA effect in Sz\u2010BP spectrum is psychosis, per se, rather than other aspects of these complex disorders. The lack of a significant relationship between paternal age and familial disease patterns suggests that underlying mechanisms of the paternal age effect may involve a complex interaction of heritable and non\u2010heritable factors. The authors discuss implications and testable hypotheses, starting with a focus on genetic mechanisms and endophenotypic expressions of dopaminergic function. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32334","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,17]],"date-time":"2015-07-17T05:07:14Z","timestamp":1437109634000},"page":"495-505","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Paternal age effect: Replication in schizophrenia with intriguing dissociation between bipolar with and without psychosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Douglas S.","family":"Lehrer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Wright State University Dayton Ohio"},{"name":"Summit Behavioral Healthcare Ohio Department of Mental Health &amp; Addiction Services Cincinnati Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele 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