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ODD is also a common antecedent to both affective disorders and aggressive behaviors. Although the heritability of ODD has been estimated to be around 0.60, there has been little research into the molecular genetics of ODD. The present study examined the association of irritable and defiant\/vindictive dimensions and categorical subtypes of ODD (based on latent class analyses) with previously described specific polymorphisms (<jats:italic>DRD4<\/jats:italic> exon3 VNTR, 5\u2010HTTLPR, and seven <jats:italic>OXTR<\/jats:italic> SNPs) as well as with dopamine, serotonin, and oxytocin genes and pathways in a clinical sample of children and adolescents with ADHD. In addition, we performed a multivariate genome\u2010wide association study (GWAS) of the aforementioned ODD dimensions and subtypes. Apart from adjusting the analyses for age and sex, we controlled for \u201cparental ability to cope with disruptive behavior.\u201d None of the hypothesis\u2010driven analyses revealed a significant association with ODD dimensions and subtypes. Inadequate parenting behavior was significantly associated with all ODD dimensions and subtypes, most strongly with defiant\/vindictive behaviors. In addition, the GWAS did not result in genome\u2010wide significant findings but bioinformatics and literature analyses revealed that the proteins encoded by 28 of the 53 top\u2010ranked genes functionally interact in a molecular landscape centered around Beta\u2010catenin signaling and involved in the regulation of neurite outgrowth. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular basis of ODD and inform future genetic studies of oppositional behavior. \u00a9 2015 The Authors. <jats:italic>American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics<\/jats:italic> Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,16]],"date-time":"2015-07-16T05:19:55Z","timestamp":1437023995000},"page":"573-588","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Gene\u2010set and multivariate genome\u2010wide association analysis of oppositional defiant behavior subtypes in attention\u2010deficit\/hyperactivity disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Marcel","family":"Aebi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Child and Youth Forensic Service University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolein M. 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