{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T14:48:40Z","timestamp":1773326920420,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 MH085542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 MH085542"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RO1 MH085548"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RO1 MH085548"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Study Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the association between substance use and short sleep duration in individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (SADD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional, retrospective study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>Urban, suburban, and rural centers across the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Participants<\/jats:title><jats:p>2,462 consented, adult individuals with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, depressive type (SADD). Participants included inpatients in acute or chronic care settings as well as outpatients and residents in community dwellings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Measurements<\/jats:title><jats:p>Substance use was assessed with 10 questions adopted from well\u2010validated measures (e.g., CAGE questionnaire) for alcohol, marijuana, and illicit drugs. Short sleep duration was defined as &lt;6\u2009hr of self\u2010reported sleep per night.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Close to 100% of our sample used nicotine while 83% used substances other than nicotine. More importantly, there was a significant association between substance use and short sleep duration. Interestingly, this association was strongest among African\u2013Americans with schizophrenia or SADD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Because psychiatric medications often target chemical receptors involved with both sleep and substance use, understanding the association between short sleep duration and substance use in individuals with schizophrenia and SADD is important. Given that the majority of premature deaths in individuals with psychotic illness are due to medical conditions associated with modifiable risk factors, prospective studies designed to examine the effect of short sleep duration on behaviors like substance use should be undertaken. Finally, analyzing genetic and environmental data in a future study might help illuminate the strong association found between short sleep duration and substance use in African\u2013Americans with schizophrenia and SADD. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32374","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]],"date-time":"2015-09-08T08:13:59Z","timestamp":1441700039000},"page":"525-533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Substance use associated with short sleep duration in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Vivian K.","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele T.","family":"Pato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janet L.","family":"Sobell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Terese C.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark M.","family":"Valdez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christianne J.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Genomic Psychiatry Cohort Consortium","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos N.","family":"Pato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Keck School of Medicine Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.12.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2012.756987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/26.3.342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2014.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.5.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12016"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(01)00156-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.2762","article-title":"Sleep duration and reported functional capacity among black and white US adults","volume":"9","author":"Brimah P","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1994.55.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","volume-title":"Uptodate","author":"Campbell EC","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833ef30e"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2012.07.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200822110-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0487-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.9.892"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1986.tb10584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00232-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007092"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1984.03350140051025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9693-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00663.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.3726"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1991.tb01879.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt159"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200923080-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830110060007"},{"issue":"22","key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1782","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520220076034","article-title":"Does this patient have an alcohol problem","volume":"272","author":"Kitchens JM","year":"1994","journal-title":"Jama"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230701844661"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03033360"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.02.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005500703","article-title":"Sleep in psychiatric disorders: Where are we now","volume":"55","author":"Kyung Lee E","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e318187a7b0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1991.01810320088015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0b013e32834b806a"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540260500104516"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61162-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","first-page":"p 991","article-title":"Behavioral and pharmacological therapies for late\u2010life insomnia: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Morin CM","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA. United States"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","first-page":"p 2005","article-title":"Cognitive behavioral therapy, singly and combined with medication, for persistent insomnia: A randomized controlled trial","author":"Morin CM","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA. United States"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4603(98)00073-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbtep.2011.02.004"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Antipsychotic medications: Metabolic and cardiovascular risk","volume":"68","author":"Newcomer JW","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2010.00724.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-9684(15)31244-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950110009002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2011.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","unstructured":"ParksJ SvendsenD SingerP FotiM.2006a. Morbidity and mortality in people with serious mental illness. Technical Report #13 National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors (NASMHPD). Alexandria VA."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Reduced sleep as an obesity risk factor","volume":"10","author":"Parks J","year":"2006","journal-title":"National Association of State Mental Health Program Directors Medical Directors Council"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.284.23.3015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2009.08.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.GME.0000097741.18446.3E"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.12.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.172.4.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2007.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","unstructured":"SchoenbornCA AdamsPF.2008. Sleep duration as a correlate of smoking alcohol use leisure\u2010time physical inactivity and obesity among adults: United States 2004\u20102006 NCHS Health E\u2010Stats Hyattsville MD: National Center for Health Statistics Centers for Disease Control and Prevention."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2001.00452.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2013.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.schbul.a006934"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J465v26n01_01"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0208"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026469"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170003779X"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","first-page":"105","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of insomnia and its impact on quality of life in Chinese schizophrenia patients","volume":"32","author":"Xiang YT","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.32374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32374","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T00:19:42Z","timestamp":1694650782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32374"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32374"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32374","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,8]]}}}