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The variation in cognitive abilities observed within a population has a substantial genetic contribution (heritability \u223c50%) and yet the identification of genetic polymorphisms from both genome\u2010wide association and candidate studies have to date only uncovered a limited number of genetic variants that exert small genetic effects. Here we impute human leukocyte antigens (HLA) using existing genome\u2010wide association data from 1,559 non\u2010pathological elderly volunteers who have been followed for changes in cognitive functioning between a 12\u2010 and 18\u2010year period. Specifically, we investigate DRB1*05 (*11\/*12) and DRB1*01, which have previously been associated with cognitive ability. We also analyze DRB1*0801, which shares close sequence homology with DRB1*1101. Together with DRB1*1101, DRB1*0801 has been associated with several diseases including multiple sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis, which themselves are associated with cognitive impairment. We observed that both DRB1*0801 and DRB1*1101 were significantly associated with vocabulary ability (cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal scores) and that the effects were in opposite directions with DRB1*0801 associated with lower score and faster decline. This opposing affect is similar to that reported by other groups in systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes, and primary biliary cirrhosis. DRB1*0801 was also significantly associated with reduced memory ability. We observed no associations between cognitive abilities and DRB1*01 or DRB1*12. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]],"date-time":"2015-10-16T14:29:20Z","timestamp":1445005760000},"page":"209-214","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A role for HLA\u2010DRB1*1101 and DRB1*0801 in cognitive ability and its decline with age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Antony","family":"Payton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"Human Communication and Deafness School of Psychological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piers","family":"Dawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Communication and Deafness School of Psychological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel","family":"Platt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia C.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Communication and Deafness School of Psychological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"},{"name":"Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology and Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"},{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Communication and Deafness School of Psychological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Massey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics Musculoskeletal Research Group The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Horan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health Salford Royal NHS Hospital The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Ollier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Munro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Communication and Deafness School of Psychological Sciences The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Pendleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Clinical and Cognitive Neuroscience Institute of Brain Behaviour and Mental Health Salford Royal NHS Hospital The University of Manchester Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199903)45:3<397::AID-ANA18>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2091"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/521987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2015.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2013.06.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0160-2896(97)90012-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2007.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","unstructured":"CattellR.1949. 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