{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T02:52:12Z","timestamp":1777431132346,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,7]],"date-time":"2016-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1454803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"U.S. National Institute of Health Grants","award":["NICHD 5P01HD033113"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NICHD 5P01HD033113"]}]},{"name":"U.S. National Institute of Health Grants","award":["3R01HD049653"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["3R01HD049653"]}]},{"name":"Gazit-Globe Post-Doctoral Fellowship Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Morphometric investigations of brain volumes in Williams syndrome (WS) consistently show significant reductions in gray matter volume compared to controls. Cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) are two constituent parts of cortical gray matter volume that are considered genetically distinguishable features of brain morphology. Yet, little is known about the independent contribution of cortical CT and SA to these volumetric differences in WS. Thus, our objectives were: (i) to evaluate whether the microdeletion in chromosome 7 associated with WS has a distinct effect on CT and SA, and (ii) to evaluate age\u2010related variations in CT and SA within WS. We compared CT and SA values in 44 individuals with WS to 49 age\u2010 and sex\u2010matched typically developing controls. Between\u2010group differences in CT and SA were evaluated across two age groups: young (age range 6.6\u201318.9 years), and adults (age range 20.2\u201351.5 years). Overall, we found contrasting effects of WS on cortical thickness (increases) and surface area (decreases). With respect to brain topography, the between\u2010group pattern of CT differences showed a scattered pattern while the between\u2010group surface area pattern was widely distributed throughout the brain. In the adult subgroup, we observed a cluster of increases in cortical thickness in WS across the brain that was not observed in the young subgroup. Our findings suggest that extensive early reductions in surface area are the driving force for the overall reduction in brain volume in WS. The age\u2010related cortical thickness findings might reflect delayed or even arrested development of specific brain regions in WS. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T06:03:22Z","timestamp":1454911402000},"page":"402-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Surface\u2010based morphometry reveals distinct cortical thickness and surface area profiles in Williams syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Tamar","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford California"},{"name":"Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyle C.","family":"Fierro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for 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