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Pathway analyses, a subset of gene\u2010set analyses, extend the knowledge gained from genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) by providing functional context for genetic associations. However, there are numerous methods for association testing of gene sets and no real consensus regarding the best approach. The present study applied six pathway analysis methods to identify pathways associated with ADHD in two GWAS datasets from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Methods that utilize genotypes to model pathway\u2010level effects identified more replicable pathway associations than methods using summary statistics. In addition, pathways implicated by more than one method were significantly more likely to replicate. A number of brain\u2010relevant pathways, such as RhoA signaling, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, fibroblast growth factor receptor activity, and pathways containing potassium channel genes, were nominally significant by multiple methods in both datasets. These results support previous hypotheses about the role of regulation of neurotransmitter release, neurite outgrowth and axon guidance in contributing to the ADHD phenotype and suggest the value of cross\u2010method convergence in evaluating pathway analysis results. \u00a9 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,23]],"date-time":"2016-03-23T00:23:26Z","timestamp":1458692606000},"page":"815-826","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Pathway analysis in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: An ensemble approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"171","author":[{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Mooney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioinformatics &amp; Computational Biology Department of Medical Informatics &amp; Clinical Epidemiology Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland Oregon"},{"name":"OHSU Knight Cancer Institute Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon K.","family":"McWeeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bioinformatics &amp; Computational Biology Department of Medical Informatics &amp; Clinical Epidemiology Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland Oregon"},{"name":"OHSU Knight Cancer Institute Portland Oregon"},{"name":"Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute Portland Oregon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen V.","family":"Faraone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience &amp; Physiology State University of New York Syracuse New York"},{"name":"K.G. 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