{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T02:07:16Z","timestamp":1790302036929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1497312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Depressive disorders are involved as a background factor in over 50% of suicide cases. The most widely used antidepressants today are serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). However, not all users benefit from SSRI medication. Although the overall number of suicides in Finland have decreased notably during the last decade, the annual rate is still relatively high, particularly in male population. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the genetic variants associated with decreased citalopram efficiency, <jats:italic>5HTTLPR<\/jats:italic>\/rs25531, and increased impulsive behavior, <jats:italic>MAOA\u2010uVNTR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HTR2B Q20*<\/jats:italic>, are more frequent among citalopram users committing suicide than among the citalopram users in general. Also the effect of alcohol was evaluated. The study population comprised 349 suicide victims (184 males and 165 females). Based on the suicide method used, cases were divided into two groups; violent (88 males and 49 females) and non\u2010violent (96 males and 116 females). The control group (284; 159 males and 125 females) consisted of citalopram users who died of causes other than suicide. We found that male citalopram users with low functioning s\/s genotype of <jats:italic>5HTTLPR<\/jats:italic>\/rs25531 were in increased risk to commit violent suicide (OR 2.50, 95%CI 1.15\u20135.42, <jats:italic>p\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u20090.020). Surprisingly, high blood alcohol concentration was observed to be a risk factor only in non\u2010violent suicides (both males and females), but not in violent ones. No association between suicides and <jats:italic>MAOA\u2010uVNTR<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HTR2B Q20*<\/jats:italic>, which have been previously connected to violent and impulsive behavior, was detected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]],"date-time":"2017-06-13T12:12:48Z","timestamp":1497355968000},"page":"691-700","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Serotonergic <i>5HTTLPR<\/i>\/rs25531 s\u2010allele homozygosity associates with violent suicides in male citalopram users"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"174","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8348-3639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna\u2010Liina","family":"Rahikainen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salla","family":"Majaharju","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metropolia University of Applied Sciences, Metropolia Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jari","family":"Haukka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka U.","family":"Palo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"},{"name":"Forensic Genetics Unit National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antti","family":"Sajantila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1861050a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2011.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09629"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.8211186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.12.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03479"},{"issue":"5582","key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1072290","article-title":"Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children","volume":"297","author":"Caspi A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.10756"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00041444-200509000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2003.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.4.621"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4002034"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-0998.2010.02847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0594-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12362"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10048.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66062621.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.6.935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2009.12.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/503850"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-010-0126-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2015.1117537"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(93)90026-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v68n0403"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.04.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-014-0782-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2014.07.020"},{"issue":"5292","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1126\/science.274.5292.1527","article-title":"Association of anxiety\u2010related traits with a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene regulatory region","volume":"274","author":"Lesch K. P.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001890"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02172.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ypg.0000199442.75505.f7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4000698"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00414-011-0550-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.07.131"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2013.80"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"Official Statistics of Finland (OSF): Causes of death [e\u2010publication]. ISSN=1799\u20105078.2015. Helsinki: Statistics Finland [referred: 23.5.2017]. Access method:http:\/\/www.stat.fi\/til\/ksyyt\/2015\/ksyyt_2015_2016\u201012\u201030_tie_001_en.html"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1998.tb10069.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.31118"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050816"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001926"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.505.1407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.2014. Preventing suicide: A global imperative."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.1990. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300785"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.32553","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32553","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T19:12:06Z","timestamp":1696619526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32553"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32553"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32553","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,13]]}}}