{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T12:38:15Z","timestamp":1740141495306,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]],"date-time":"2018-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Concordance for schizophrenia is high in monozygotic twins but the extent to which concordance varies according to the presence of other schizophrenia risk factors is not well established. We aimed to investigate this in systematically ascertained twin samples. DSM\u2010III\u2010R\/DSM\u2010IV diagnoses were made from original data or published case histories from four systematically ascertained monozygotic twin samples. Probandwise concordance for schizophrenia was calculated according to the presence of psychotic disorder in first\u2010degree relatives, birth order, gender, and age\u2010at\u2010onset. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to adjust for potential confounders. Psychotic disorder in parents and earlier age\u2010at\u2010onset were significantly associated with higher probandwise concordance for schizophrenia, including after adjustment for potential confounders. For example, when no parents had a psychotic disorder concordance was 34\/88 (38.6%) versus 10\/16 (62.5%) when one parent was affected; and for age\u2010at\u2010onset &lt;23 years concordance was 25\/46 (54.3%), declining to 13\/44 (29.5%) for age\u2010at\u2010onset &gt;30 years. These results are consistent with psychotic disorder in parents and age\u2010at\u2010onset being markers of the level of familial liability to schizophrenia and these factors may be useful in genetic counseling of monozygotic twins and in identifying and managing those at particularly high risk, if these findings are further replicated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32640","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T06:01:06Z","timestamp":1532412066000},"page":"503-510","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Associations between risk factors for schizophrenia and concordance in four monozygotic twin samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Edward J.","family":"Pepper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sasi","family":"Pathmanathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shona","family":"McIlrae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Faiz\u2010ur","family":"Rehman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Care NHS Foundation Trust Preston United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6136-5965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alastair G.","family":"Cardno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.09.002"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1987","author":"APA","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1"},{"volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","year":"1994","author":"APA","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2007.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.1.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(200021)97:1<12::AID-AJMG3>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.2.162"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","unstructured":"Dean A. G. Sullivan K. M. &Soe M. M.(2013).OpenEpi: Open source epidemiologic statistics for public health(version 3.01). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.openepi.com"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.145.9.1077"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2010.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Genetic and environmental factors in schizophrenia: A study of schizophrenic twins and their families","volume":"238","author":"Fischer M.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.156.6.819"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90205-9"},{"volume-title":"Schizophrenia genesis: The origins of madness","year":"1991","author":"Gottesman I. I.","key":"e_1_2_7_17_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.1"},{"volume-title":"Schizophrenia and genetics: A twin vantage point","year":"1972","author":"Gottesman I. I.","key":"e_1_2_7_19_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2017.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.162.1.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.169.2.213"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370070603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1993.01820190029004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700035856"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1987.01800220047008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.167.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.175.5.407"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-015-9765-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2008.06.017"},{"volume-title":"Heredity and environment in the functional psychoses: An epidemiological\u2010clinical twin study","year":"1967","author":"Kringlen E.","key":"e_1_2_7_32_1"},{"volume-title":"Heredity and environment in the functional psychoses: Case histories","year":"1967","author":"Kringlen E.","key":"e_1_2_7_33_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60072-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291709990419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1992.tb01445.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370080506"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2010.02836.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(94)90082-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.165.4.466"},{"volume-title":"Psychotic and neurotic illnesses in twins","year":"1953","author":"Slater E.","key":"e_1_2_7_42_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","unstructured":"IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows Version 21.0. Armonk NY: IBM Corp. Retrieved fromhttps:\/\/www.ibm.com\/products\/spss-statistics."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.12.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.173.6.494"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494811420485"},{"issue":"171","key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Psychiatric illnesses in identical twins","volume":"39","author":"Tienari P.","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","first-page":"29","article-title":"Studies of schizophrenia","volume":"10","author":"Tienari P.","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.32640","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32640","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,17]],"date-time":"2023-09-17T10:45:04Z","timestamp":1694947504000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32640"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32640"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32640","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1552-4841"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-485X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-02-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-20","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-07-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}