{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:23:25Z","timestamp":1747146205756,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,1]],"date-time":"2019-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000025","name":"National Institute of Mental Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIMH\u2010IRP\u2010ziamh002781","R01MH098055","T32MH020030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIMH\u2010IRP\u2010ziamh002781","R01MH098055","T32MH020030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000025","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Fear and anxiety are conceptualized as responses to acute or potential threat, respectively. Adult twin studies found substantial interplay between genetic and environmental factors influencing fear disorders (phobias) and anxiety disorders. Research in children, however, has largely examined these factors independently. Thus, there exists a substantial knowledge gap regarding the underlying etiologic structure of these closely\u2010related constructs during development. Symptom counts for five fear (criticism, the unknown, death, animal, medical) and four anxiety (generalized, panic, separation, social) dimensions were obtained for 373 twin pairs ages 9\u201314. Multivariate twin modeling was performed to elucidate the genetic and environmental influences distributed amongst these dimensions. The best fitting model contained one genetic, two familial environmental, and two unique environmental factors shared between fear and anxiety symptoms plus dimension\u2010specific genetic and unique environmental factors. Although several environmental factors were shared between fear and anxiety dimensions, one latent factor accounted for genetic influences across both domains. While adult studies find somewhat distinct etiological differences between anxiety and phobic disorders, the current results suggest that their relative genetic and environmental influences are not as clearly demarcated in children. These etiological distinctions are more nuanced, likely contributing to the highly diffuse symptom patterns seen during development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,2]],"date-time":"2019-02-02T00:56:29Z","timestamp":1549068989000},"page":"204-212","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The genetic and environmental structure of fear and anxiety in juvenile twins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"180","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9704-6555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chelsea","family":"Sawyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Ollendick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University  Blacksburg Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa A.","family":"Brotman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch National Institute of Mental Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Pine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch National Institute of Mental Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ellen","family":"Leibenluft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emotion and Development Branch National Institute of Mental Health  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dever M.","family":"Carney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roxann","family":"Roberson\u2010Nay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John M.","family":"Hettema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199910000-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199704000-00018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705006537"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2016.59"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9216-x"},{"volume-title":"Phobic and anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. 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