{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:38:42Z","timestamp":1792183122552,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1566604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The ABCD study has been supported by grants from Heart Foundation and the Sarphati Amsterdam. Genotyping was funded by the BBMRI-NL.","award":["BBMRI-NL: CP2013-50"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BBMRI-NL: CP2013-50"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The development of problem behavior in children is associated with exposure to environmental factors, including the maternal environment. Both are influenced by genetic factors, which may also be correlated, that is, environmental risk and problem behavior in children might be influenced by partly the same genetic factors. In addition, environmental and genetic factors could interact with each other increasing the risk of problem behavior in children. To date, limited research investigated these mechanisms in a genome\u2010wide approach. Therefore, the goal of this study was to investigate the association between genetic risk for psychiatric and related traits, as indicated by polygenetic risk scores (PRSs), exposure to previously identified maternal risk factors, and problem behavior in a sample of 1,154 children from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study at ages 5\u20136 and 11\u201312\u2009years old. The PRSs were derived from genome\u2010wide association studies (GWASs) on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, neuroticism, and wellbeing. Regression analysis showed that the PRSs were associated with exposure to multiple environmental risk factors, suggesting passive gene\u2013environment correlation. In addition, the PRS based on the schizophrenia GWAS was associated with externalizing behavior problems in children at age 5\u20136. We did not find any association with problem behavior for the other PRSs. Our results indicate that genetic predispositions for psychiatric disorders and wellbeing are associated with early environmental risk factors for children's problem behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]],"date-time":"2019-08-24T09:58:57Z","timestamp":1566640737000},"page":"17-25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Maternal environmental risk factors and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems in childhood: The complex role of genetic factors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6382-7468","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Judith B. M.","family":"Ensink","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry De Bascule  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marleen H. M.","family":"de Moor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hadi","family":"Zafarmand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Public Health, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanne","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth Health Care GGD Hart voor Brabant  's\u2010Hertogenbosch The Netherlands"},{"name":"Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences Tilburg University  Tilburg The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Uitterlinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Erasmus Medical Center  Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanja G. M.","family":"Vrijkotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Child and Family Studies, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ram\u00f3n","family":"Lindauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Amsterdam UMC, Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Academic Center for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry De Bascule  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christel M.","family":"Middeldorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Health Research Centre University of Queensland  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Child and Youth Mental Health Service Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service  Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Biological Psychology VU University  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2018.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.0346"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0320-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"ii17","article-title":"Evaluation of the self\u2010reported SDQ in a clinical setting: Do self\u2010reports tell us more than ratings by adult informants?","volume":"13","author":"Becker A.","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050817-084847"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10253890.2011.623250"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"370064","article-title":"Non\u2010parametric polygenic risk prediction using partitioned GWAS summary statistics","author":"Chun S.","year":"2019","journal-title":"bioRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003348"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9434-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3708"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5127\/pr.038315"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1348\/014466505X29657"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12759"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aan6877"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1707178114"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2011.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.07.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2018.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.20480"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2017.10.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715002172"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291714002839"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329171400213X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/383251"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0816-970c"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0059-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.113.143081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7854_2018_58"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30406-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01557.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702614534211"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","volume-title":"STAI Manual for the state\u2010trait anxiety inventory (self\u2010evaluation questionnaire)","author":"Spielberger C. D.","year":"1970"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301450"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyq128"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2015.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajmg.b.32755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T02:54:27Z","timestamp":1694228067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32755","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-01-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-07-22","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-08-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}