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We performed a genome\u2010wide association studies (GWAS) on the obsession (rumination and impulsions) and compulsion (checking, washing, and ordering\/precision) subscales of an abbreviated version of the Padua Inventory (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 8,267 with genome\u2010wide genotyping and phenotyping). The compulsion subscale showed a substantial and significant positive genetic correlation with an OCD case\u2013control GWAS (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.61,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = .017) previously published by the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC\u2010OCD). The obsession subscale and the total Padua score showed no significant genetic correlations (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = \u22120.02 and\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>G<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.42, respectively). A meta\u2010analysis of the compulsive symptoms GWAS with the PGC\u2010OCD revealed no genome\u2010wide significant Single\u2010Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs combined\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 17,992, indicating that the power is still low for individual SNP effects). A gene\u2010based association analysis, however, yielded two novel genes (\n                    <jats:italic>WDR7<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>ADCK1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). The top 250 genes in the gene\u2010based test also showed a significant increase in enrichment for psychiatric and brain\u2010expressed genes. S\u2010Predixcan testing showed that for genes expressed in hippocampus, amygdala, and caudate nucleus significance increased in the meta\u2010analysis with compulsive symptoms compared to the original PGC\u2010OCD GWAS. Thus, the inclusion of dimensional symptom data in genome\u2010wide association on clinical case\u2013control GWAS of OCD may be useful to find genes for OCD if the data are based on quantitative indices of compulsive behavior. SNP\u2010level power increases were limited, but aggregate, gene\u2010level analyses showed increased enrichment for brain\u2010expressed genes related to psychiatric disorders, and increased association with gene expression in brain tissues with known emotional, reward processing, memory, and fear\u2010formation functions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32777","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,31]],"date-time":"2019-12-31T07:48:08Z","timestamp":1577778488000},"page":"208-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Genetic meta\u2010analysis of obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder and self\u2010report compulsive symptoms"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8301-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dirk J. A.","family":"Smit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Cath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University Medical Center Groningen  Groningen The Netherlands"},{"name":"GGZ\u2010Drenthe  Assen The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nuno R.","family":"Zilh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Icelandic Heart Association  Reykjavik Iceland"},{"name":"Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hill F.","family":"Ip","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiaan","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC Location AMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"den Braber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology Vrije Universiteit  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eco J. 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