{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T01:53:29Z","timestamp":1773280409153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This essay provides the historical context and key findings of one of the largest fieldwork\u2010based family studies ever done in the history of psychiatric genetics conducted in Berlin by Franz Kallmann from 1929 to 1933. It included over 1,000 schizophrenic probands and 12,500 of their relatives including siblings, offspring, nieces\/nephews and grandchildren. The work was analyzed in close collaboration with R\u00fcdin, Schulz, and Luxenburger in Munich. Born of Jewish parents, Kallmann had to leave Germany in 1936, completing and publishing the monograph in the United States in 1938. This study included a number of methodologic advances over the classic 1916 sibling study of R\u00fcdin: (a) joint analysis of multiple classes of relatives; (b) subdivision of schizophrenia into four subtypes; (c) a focus on schizoid personality [schizoidia]; (d) examination of the familial aggregation of schizophrenia; and (e) a more complex genetic model\u2014with schizophrenia arising from a single\u2010recessive gene with 70% penetrance and background polygenic influences, and schizoidia from heterozygotes. Kallmann found important differences in risk of relatives in nuclear versus peripheral subtypes and concluded that schizoidia was a part of schizophrenia disease complex while other psychopathies, feeblemindedness, and organic brain disorders were not. Kallmann was strongly invested in the eugenic implications of his results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]],"date-time":"2022-01-13T08:45:40Z","timestamp":1642063540000},"page":"26-36","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The place of Franz Kallmann's 1938 \u201cthe genetics of schizophrenia\u201d in the history of psychiatric genetics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Medical College of Virginia\/Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Astrid","family":"Klee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Germanic Languages and Literatures University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mendelismus bei Psychosen, speziell bei der Schizophrenie","volume":"1","author":"Bleuler E.","year":"1917","journal-title":"Schweizer Archiv f\u00fcr Neurologie Und Psychiatrie"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.25162\/medhist-2009-0010","article-title":"Josef Kallmann (1897\u20131965) und der transfer psychiatrisch\u2010genetischer Wissenschaftskonzepte vom NS\u2010Deutschland in die USA\/Franz Josef Kallmann (1897\u20131965) and the transfer of psychiatric\u2010genetic scientific concepts from Nationalsocialist Germany to the USA","volume":"44","author":"Franz C. A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Medizinhistoriches Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<317::AID-AJMG1>3.0.CO;2-J"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-3128-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","volume-title":"The genetics of schizophrenia","author":"Kallmann F. J.","year":"1938"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbz131"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<343::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","volume-title":"In the name of eugenics: Genetics and the uses of human heredity","author":"Kevles D. J.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02892967"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","first-page":"183","article-title":"On the track of \"scientific pursuit\". Franz Josef Kallmann (1897\u20101965) and genetic racial research","volume":"37","author":"Mildenberger F.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Medizinhistorisches Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2016.1187486"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-011-6338-5_10"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.91.2.247"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","volume-title":"Monographien aus dem Gesamtgebiet der Neurologie und Psychiatrie","author":"Rudin E.","year":"1916"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02962270"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02866172"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/9781108583190"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<323::AID-AJMG2>3.0.CO;2-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226891798.001.0001"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T14:33:27Z","timestamp":1693233207000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1-2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32886","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-11-20","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-30","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}