{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:23:49Z","timestamp":1747146229406,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]],"date-time":"2022-07-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 1859, Ludvig Dahl, a Norwegian alienist, wrote a rarely referenced book entitled \u201cContribution to The Knowledge of Insanity.\u201d In it, he describes a highly innovative psychiatric genetics research project with severable notable features. First, while the vast majority of 19th century psychiatric genetic studies were based on asylum hospital records, Dahl did field work to find cases of mental illness in certain defined areas within Norway, using census data, key\u2010informants, record reviews, and personal interviews especially of suspected affected individuals. Second, for the first time in the history of psychiatric genetics, and perhaps more broadly in medical genetics, Dahl studied and graphed extensive pedigrees covering up to seven generations demonstrating a high density of psychiatric illness. Third, he proposed and conducted the first controlled investigation of familial aggregation of insanity. A 126 member 5\u2010generation pedigree that he studied contained 8 individuals with confirmed insanity compared to 16 cases in the remaining 2,974 individuals in the Parish, a relative risk of nearly 12. Dahl also noted the co\u2010segregation within pedigrees of mental handicap, deaf\u2010mutism, and insanity. He evaluated familial\u2010environmental sources of familial aggregation and noted, among nonpsychotic family members in his pedigrees, personalities that might reflect a \u201cdisposition\u201d to insanity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T06:13:59Z","timestamp":1658729639000},"page":"177-184","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ludvig Dahl's psychiatric genetic studies in his 1859 monograph: \u201cContribution to the knowledge of insanity in Norway\u201d"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"189","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, and Department of Psychiatry Medical College of Virginia\/Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Czajkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ted","family":"Reichborn\u2010Kjennerud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health  Oslo Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo  Oslo Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/10552-000"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Fortgesetzter Beitrag zur Kenntniss \u00fcber die Geisteskranken in Norwegen","volume":"21","author":"Busch G. V. D.","year":"1864","journal-title":"Allgemeine Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychiatrie"},{"volume-title":"Bidrag Til Kundskab om De Sindssyge I Norge","year":"1859","author":"Dahl L.","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Etude Genealogique sur les Alienes Hereditaires","volume":"2","author":"Doutrebente G.","year":"1869","journal-title":"Annales Medico\u2010Psychologiques"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40656-014-0050-x"},{"issue":"1871","key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"394","article-title":"Die Hebephrenie: Ein Beitrag zur klinischen Psychiatrie","volume":"52","author":"Hecker E.","year":"1871","journal-title":"Archiv Fur Pathologische Anatomie Und Physiologie Und Fur Klinische Medizin"},{"volume-title":"On idiocy and imbecility","year":"1877","author":"Ireland W. W.","key":"e_1_2_10_8_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-019-0411-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2020.20030326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32819"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02076258"},{"volume-title":"Human heredity 1750\u20131870: The construction of a domain","year":"1992","author":"L\u00f3pez\u2010Beltr\u00e1n C.","key":"e_1_2_10_14_1"},{"volume-title":"Genetics in the madhouse: The unknown history of human heredity","year":"2018","author":"Porter T. M.","key":"e_1_2_10_15_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.9.1127"},{"volume-title":"Fra normalitetens historie. Sinnsykdom 1870\u20131920 [from the history of normality. Mental illness 1870\u20131920]","year":"2003","author":"Sk\u00e5lev\u00e5g S. A.","key":"e_1_2_10_17_1"},{"volume-title":"Den Norske Sindssygeret","year":"1913","author":"Winge P.","key":"e_1_2_10_18_1"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T11:22:45Z","timestamp":1692789765000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.32914","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1552-4841"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-485X"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-04-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-06-28","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-07-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}