{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:49:10Z","timestamp":1790711350652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000066","name":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000066","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms than children without ASD. We tested whether polygenic scores for each of three GI disorders (ulcerative colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and Crohn's disease) were related to GI symptoms in children with and without ASD. Using genotyping data (564 ASD cases and 715 controls) and external genome\u2010wide association study summary statistics, we computed GI polygenic scores for ulcerative colitis (UC\u2010PGS), inflammatory bowel disease (IDB\u2010PGS), and Crohn's disease (CD\u2010PGS). Multivariable logistic regression models, adjusted for genetic ancestry, were used to estimate associations between each GI\u2010PGS and (1) ASD case\u2013control status, and (2) specific GI symptoms in neurotypical children and separately in ASD children. In children without ASD, polygenic scores for ulcerative colitis were significantly associated with experiencing any GI symptom (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)\u2009=\u20091.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)\u2009=\u20091.03\u20131.81, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03) and diarrhea specifically (aOR\u2009=\u20095.35, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.77\u201326.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01). Among children without ASD, IBD\u2010PGS, and Crohn's PGS were significantly associated with diarrhea (aOR\u2009=\u20093.55, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.25\u201312.34, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) and loose stools alternating with constipation (aOR\u2009=\u20092.57, 95% CI\u2009=\u20091.13\u20136.55, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03), respectively. However, the three PGS were not associated with GI symptoms in the ASD case group. Furthermore, polygenic scores for ulcerative colitis significantly interacted with ASD status on presentation of any GI symptom within a European ancestry subset (aOR\u2009=\u20090.42, 95% CI\u2009=\u20090.19\u20130.88, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02). Genetic risk factors for some GI symptoms differ between children with and without ASD. Furthermore, our finding that increased genetic risks for GI inflammatory disorders are associated with GI symptoms in children without ASD informs future work on the early detection of GI disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T07:28:20Z","timestamp":1689578900000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genetic liability for gastrointestinal inflammation disorders and association with gastrointestinal symptoms in children with and without autism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3245-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valerie","family":"Morrill","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Benke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Brinton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gnakub N.","family":"Soke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Scientific Education and Professional Development Epidemic Intelligence Service  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura A.","family":"Schieve","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Fields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Homayoon","family":"Farzadegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calliope","family":"Holingue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mental Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health  Baltimore Maryland USA"},{"name":"Center for Autism and Related Disorders Kennedy Krieger Institute  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig J.","family":"Newschaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AJ Drexel Autism Institute Drexel University  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"},{"name":"College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State University  Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Colorado and Children's Hospital Colorado  Aurora Colorado USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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