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Its high socio\u2010economic impact and difficulties in diagnosis and treatment are of increasing concern to an aging world population. In recent years, the study of the relationship between gut microbiota and different neurocognitive disorders has gained a considerable interest. Several studies have reported associations between gut microbiota dysbiosis and some types of dementia. Probiotics have been suggested to restore dysbiosis and to improve neurocognitive symptomatology in these dementias. Based on these previous findings, the available scientific evidence on the gut microbiota in humans affected by the most prevalent dementias, as well as the probiotic trials conducted in these patients in recent years, have been here reviewed. Decreased concentrations of short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFA) and other bacterial metabolites appear to play a major role in the onset of neurocognitive symptoms in Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease dementia (PDD). Increased abundance of proinflammatory taxa could be closely related to the more severe clinical symptoms in both, as well as in Lewy Bodies dementia. Important lack of information was noted in Frontotemporal dementia behavioral variant. Moreover, geographical differences in the composition of the gut microbiota have been reported in AD. Some potential beneficial effects of probiotics in AD and PDD have been reported. However, due to the controversial results further investigations are clearly necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T10:54:58Z","timestamp":1697626498000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Influence of gut microbiota on the development of most prevalent neurodegenerative dementias and the potential effect of probiotics in elderly: A scoping review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"195","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-7356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Mateo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health \u2010 TecnATox, School of Medicine Universitat Rovira i Virgili  Reus Catalonia 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