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This study investigates the reward valuation subconstruct of \u201ceffort\u201d and its association with genetic markers, functional neurobiological pathways, and polygenic risk scores for psychopathology in 1215 children aged 6\u201312 and their parents (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091044). All participants completed the effort expenditure for rewards task (EEfRT), which assesses \u201ceffort\u201d according to two quantitative measures: hard\u2010task choice and reward sensitivity. Genetic association analyses were undertaken in <jats:italic>MAGMA<\/jats:italic>, utilizing EEfRT outcome variables as genome\u2010wide association studies phenotypes to compute SNP and gene\u2010level associations. Genome\u2010wide association analyses found two distinct genetic loci that were significantly associated with measures of reward sensitivity and a separate genetic locus associated with hard task choice. Gene\u2010set enrichment analysis yielded significant associations between \u201ceffort\u201d and multiple gene sets involved in reward processing\u2010related pathways, including dopamine receptor signaling, limbic system and forebrain development, and biological response to cocaine. These results serve to establish \u201ceffort\u201d as a relevant construct for understanding reward\u2010related behavior at the genetic level and support the RDoC framework for assessing disorder\u2010agnostic psychopathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32964","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,13]],"date-time":"2023-11-13T02:24:23Z","timestamp":1699842263000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Novel genome\u2010wide associations for effort valuation and psychopathology in children and adults"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"195","author":[{"given":"Nicholas H.","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Norton College of Medicine at SUNY Upstate Medical University  Syracuse New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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