{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T14:43:08Z","timestamp":1787928188237,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01MH110427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01MH110427"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt B"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Trichotillomania (TTM) is a psychiatric condition in which people feel an overwhelming urge to pull out their hair, resulting in noticeable hair loss and significant distress. Twin and family studies suggest that TTM is at least partly genetic, but no genome\u2010wide analyses have been completed. To fill the gap in this field, we have conducted a case\u2013control study of genotype array data from 101 European ancestry TTM cases and 488 ancestry\u2010matched unaffected controls. TTM cases were ascertained in the United States through web\u2010based recruitment, patient support groups, and conferences organized by the Trichotillomania Learning Center. Following clinical confirmation of a TTM diagnosis, patients completed self\u2010report assessments of frequency and duration of hair pulling, other psychiatric symptoms, and family history. Unaffected controls were also ascertained in the United States and were matched to cases by ancestry. In the first formal genome\u2010wide association study of TTM, we did not identify any common variants with a genome\u2010wide significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20095\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>\u22128<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) association level with case status. We found that cases carry a higher load of common polygenic risk for psychiatric disorders (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008). We also detected copy number variants previously associated with neuropsychiatric disorders (specifically, deletions in\n                    <jats:italic>NRXN1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>CSMD1,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 15q11.2). These results further support genetics' role in the etiology of TTM and suggest that larger studies are likely to identify risk variation and, ultimately, specific risk genes associated with the condition.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.33035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T05:31:20Z","timestamp":1749792680000},"page":"120-125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Genomic Analysis of Trichotillomania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"198","author":[{"given":"Matthew W.","family":"Halvorsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melanie E.","family":"Garrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Cuccaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"John P Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"},{"name":"Dr. John T Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine  Miami Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison E.","family":"Ashley\u2010Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Duke Molecular Physiology Institute  Durham North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Duke University Health System  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James J.","family":"Crowley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institute  Stockholm Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.149.2.283-a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2022.06.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0269-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","first-page":"331","article-title":"Hair Pulling (Trichotillomania)","volume":"70","author":"Galski T.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Psychoanalytic Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15111432"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112948"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00564-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00876-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-018-0326-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2017.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2308-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.97"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2019.0566"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.148.5.684"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature19057"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01966.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30922"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1970.tb06830.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-019-0527-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10401239409148996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08192"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00319.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05684-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0090-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05275-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2008.83"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.33035","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T11:40:54Z","timestamp":1757331654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.33035"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.b.33035"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.b.33035","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1101\/2025.01.23.25321045","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1552-4841","1552-485X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1552-4841","type":"print"},{"value":"1552-485X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}