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Currently, most genome\u2010wide association studies of MDD rely on self\u2010administered questionnaires or electronic health records, both of which are limited in diagnostic accuracy and introduce systematic, heritable biases that confound the interpretation of genetic analyses. Here, we describe how to address this problem through a combination of targeted ascertainment and in\u2010depth phenotyping by clinical interview. We increase the homogeneity of the sample, reducing the number of cases needed to detect genetic signals, by recruiting only women with recurrent depressive episodes, ascertained through hospitals. Structured interviews capture detailed information on the known and putative risk factors for the disorder. We trained 347 interviewers working at 47 participating hospitals across South Korea and recruited 5704 cases and 4995 screened controls over 4\u2009years toward a total target sample of 10,000 cases and 10,000 controls. We met and overcame a series of logistic challenges, including restrictions due to COVID\u201019 and an ongoing medical crisis. We confirmed that our cases have recurrent, severe MDD and are suitable to explore the causes of recurrent episodes of disturbances of sleep and appetite, suicidality, guilty ruminations, anhedonia, and low mood. Our study design provides deeply phenotyped cases and screened controls at scale and can be adapted for deployment in other countries to yield cohorts for the genetic analysis of MDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.33056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]],"date-time":"2025-08-25T07:21:16Z","timestamp":1756106476000},"page":"105-115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Deep Phenotyping at Scale: Study Protocol for the Korean Mood Disorder Genetic Study\u2010Depression (\n                    <scp>KOMOGEN<\/scp>\n                    \u2010D)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"201","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9414-5635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sooyeon","family":"Min","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Jin","family":"Rhee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoojin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Kangwon National University Hospital  Chuncheon Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyooseob","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry University of British Columbia  Vancouver Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4458-797X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong Min","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8689-6570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth S.","family":"Kendler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Flint","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences University of California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"KOMOGEN\u2010D Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(86)90055-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700003603"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.159.1.106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170002105X"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-032580"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddaa115"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-020-0594-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2022.2983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291700046663"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.150.6.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"SCL\u201090: An Outpatient Psychiatric Rating Scale\u2014Preliminary Report","volume":"9","author":"Derogatis L. 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