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To date, more than 700 distinct craniofacial syndromes have been described and in this review, we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis and management of facial dysostoses with a particular emphasis on Treacher Collins, Nager and Miller syndromes. As we continue to develop and improve medical and surgical care for the management of individual conditions, it is essential at the same time to better characterize their etiology and pathogenesis. Here we describe recent advances in our understanding of the development of facial dysostosis with a view towards early in utero identification and intervention which could minimize the manifestation of anomalies prior to birth. The ultimate management for any craniofacial anomaly however, would be prevention and we discuss this possibility in relation to facial dysostosis. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31375","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,12]],"date-time":"2013-10-12T02:42:52Z","timestamp":1381545772000},"page":"283-294","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Facial dysostoses: Etiology, pathogenesis and management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"163","author":[{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Trainor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian T.","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e3182865da0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1320410121"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.8.16.1974"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.25.4.230"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299379.64906.2e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-994511"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1295-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.724"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dvdy.20004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"96","article-title":"Treacher Collins syndrome: Correlation between clinical and genetic linkage studies","volume":"3","author":"Dixon MJ","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Dysmorphol"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603730103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00388.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmic.201000020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.33.7.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"515","article-title":"The mutational spectrum in Treacher Collins syndrome reveals a predominance of mutations that create a premature\u2010termination codon","volume":"60","author":"Edwards SJ","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20120046"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"The mandibulofacial dysostosis; 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