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KS is characterized by a specific cognitive profile with predominantly verbal deficits, preserved function in non\u2010verbal and visuo\u2010spatial domains, executive dysfunction and social impairments, and by an increased vulnerability toward psychiatric disorders. The neurobiological underpinnings of the observed neuropsychological profile have not been established. A distinct pattern of both global and regional brain volumetric differences has been demonstrated in addition to preliminary findings of functional brain alterations related to auditory, motor, language and social processing. When present, the combination of cognitive, psychological and social challenges has the potential to negatively affect quality of life. This review intends to provide information and insight to the neuropsychological outcome and brain correlates of KS. Possible clinical intervention and future directions of research will be discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,29]],"date-time":"2020-05-29T06:13:51Z","timestamp":1590732831000},"page":"506-517","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Psychological functioning, brain morphology, and functional neuroimaging in Klinefelter syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"184","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-4901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Skakkeb\u00e6k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Genetics Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine Aarhus University Hospital  Aarhus 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