{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T14:40:20Z","timestamp":1774968020666,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82071276"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071276"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt C"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dwarfism has been depicted in various Chinese art forms including literature, sculpture, and painting. This article examines several representative Chinese works of art from different ages of Chinese history, in order to glimpse the living situations of people with dwarfism, their professions and social status, as well as the social attitude toward them in China. We highlight \u201c\u5c71\u6d77\u7ecf\u201d (<jats:italic>Shan Hai Jing<\/jats:italic>, translated as <jats:italic>the Classic of Mountains and Seas<\/jats:italic>), a remarkable collection of myths and illustrations which documented the existence of dwarf communities where the residents were capable of producing high\u2010quality grains. Representations from sculptures and paintings frequently captured the images of individuals with dwarfism in royal courts, which showed their remarkable performance skills and social ability. There are also works of art associating dwarfism with rituals. In addition to portraying ordinary individuals with humble social status, there was one particular individual with dwarfism named Yan Zi (\u664f\u5b50) who was highly regarded as a figure of wisdom. Throughout the long Chinese history, dwarfism had been portrayed in art as either positive, neutral or derogatory, which reflected the fact that people with dwarfism, while short in stature, are usually intellectually normal, generally skillful, and often talented, in short, like the general population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.31906","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]],"date-time":"2021-05-13T09:42:17Z","timestamp":1620898937000},"page":"192-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The portrayal of people with dwarfism in Chinese art"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"187","author":[{"given":"Liuyin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiping","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts United States"},{"name":"Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8115-8234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aixia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine  Zhejiang Hangzhou People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education) Zhejiang University  Hangzhou People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"The classic of mountains and seas","author":"Birrell A.","year":"1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.07.073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"79","article-title":"An examination on the phenomenon of the Kunlun slaves of the Tang Dynasty","volume":"05","author":"Cheng G.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Jinan University (Philosophy &Social Science Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"357","volume-title":"Early Chinese texts: A bibliographical guide","author":"Fracasso R.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001076"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"71","volume-title":"China: A history in object","author":"Harrison\u2010Hall 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