{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1753861742422,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729641600000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":366,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01\u2010HL166205","R01\u2010HD107064","R01\u2010NS114526\u201002S1","R21\u2010DA052861","U54\u2010AG062322","U01\u2010NS114001","R01\u2010NS099055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01\u2010HL166205","R01\u2010HD107064","R01\u2010NS114526\u201002S1","R21\u2010DA052861","U54\u2010AG062322","U01\u2010NS114001","R01\u2010NS099055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH201076"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH201076"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J of Med Genetics Pt C"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Children with Down syndrome (DS) may experience changes in sleep architecture (i.e., different sleep stages) that then affect waketime functioning, including learning, mood, and disruptive behavior. For designing and testing interventions, it is important to document any differences in sleep architecture in children with DS with and without co\u2010occurring diagnoses, including neuropsychiatric diagnoses and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was performed at Massachusetts General Hospital for children and adolescents with DS who underwent polysomnography (PSG) between August 2016 and July 2022. Patient data collected from the electronic medical record included diagnoses, age at PSG, and PSG report. Statistical analysis included unpaired T tests to test hypotheses about differences in sleep architecture within age groups, and differences between children with DS and a co\u2010occurring diagnosis. One way ANOVA was used to determine statistical significance of OSA severity within patients with DS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>When compared by age group, those with DS had negative changes in sleep architecture (e.g., less sleep and more wake) when compared to normative data. Within this cohort, having a co\u2010occurring diagnosis of autism resulted in further, negative effects on sleep architecture. 89% of those with DS had diagnosed OSA but only those with severe OSA experienced negative effects on sleep architecture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Age is an important covariate when studying the sleep of children with DS and neurotypical children. Studies are needed to test whether minimizing the observed differences in sleep architecture will translate to improved learning, mood, and behavioral outcomes, and how treating OSA affects sleep architecture.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]],"date-time":"2023-10-23T14:19:43Z","timestamp":1698070783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Altered sleep architecture in children and adolescents with Down syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"193","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0039-1879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelly J.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital\/MassGeneral for Children  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7333-3701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7402-3171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth B.","family":"Klerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Sleep Medicine Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","unstructured":"Berry R. B. Quan S. F. Abreu A. R. \u2026for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. (2020).The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: Rules terminology and technical specifications. Version 2.6."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-057010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-4285"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4724792"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599820960454"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306418110"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2020.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1215881"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000204"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsac010"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2010.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2022-058771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2007.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2022.0455"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/am-pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,13]],"date-time":"2024-01-13T10:00:38Z","timestamp":1705140038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajmg.c.32073","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1552-4868","1552-4876"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1552-4868"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1552-4876"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-10-23","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e32073"}}