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The natural history of growth in Turner syndrome, the safety and efficacy of recombinant human growth hormone therapy, and the alternate growth promoting agents under consideration are presented. Timely, adequate growth hormone therapy can counter growth failure in childhood, promote catch\u2010up growth and help many individuals with Turner syndrome attain a near\u2010normal adult height. However, individual responses to growth hormone treatment are highly variable and are influenced by factors such as parental heights, age, baseline height, timing of estrogen initiation and pubertal status. Shared decision making on initiation of treatment, a candid conversation regarding the modest gradual height gain resulting from growth hormone therapy, and individualization of therapeutic goals can facilitate realistic expectations of growth promoting therapy in Turner syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.c.32133","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T05:32:37Z","timestamp":1739511157000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Growth and Growth\u2010Promoting Treatments in Turner Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"199","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9653-8865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roopa","family":"Kanakatti Shankar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology Children's National Hospital  Washington District of Columbia USA"},{"name":"The George Washington University School of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charmian A.","family":"Quigley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney Children's Hospital  Randwick New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Isojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Toranomon Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nelly","family":"Mauras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes &amp; Metabolism Nemours Children's Health  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Chernausek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center  Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Wasniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Pathology of Adulthood and Childhood University of Messina  Messina Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theo C. 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