{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,13]],"date-time":"2025-12-13T07:01:11Z","timestamp":1765609271418},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]],"date-time":"2005-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1114992000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8157,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>A nonhuman primate on a periodic ethanol dosing schedule should provide a model of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) most relevant to the majority of pregnant women who are \u201csocial drinkers\u201d and can exercise reasonable control over their ethanol intake. In this pilot study, four pregnant pig\u2010tailed macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca nemestrina<\/jats:italic>) received ethanol once a week from 40 days' gestation. Doses were 2.5 gm\/kg for three moderate\u2010dose animals (MDAs) and 4.1 gm\/kg for one high\u2010dose animal (HDA). Peak blood ethanol levels reached a mean of 240\u2013256 mg\/dl for the MDAs and averaged 379 mg\/dl for the HDA. Peak acetaldehyde did not vary with dose. One MDA aborted after the first dose. The other three pregnancies were compared with eight to ten control pregnancies, and the infants' development over the first six months was compared with that of the control offspring. Nutritional status of the pregnant females was normal. The fetal heart rate response to maternal restraint was absent in the HDA. Gestational duration and simian Apgar scores were normal. All three infants were abnormally large, and two were also abnormally heavy, with body weight appropriate to skeletal size. Skeletal maturation, judged by ossification and tooth eruption, was not accelerated. The high\u2010dose infant (HDI) was scaphocephalic, with an underdeveloped cranial base and midface, and its brain was small and dysplastic; its reflex, motor, and cognitive development were retarded. One moderate\u2010dose infant (MDI) had some brain abnormalities; it was hyperkinetic and showed developmental retardation on several behavioral measures. The other MDI was normal. We conclude that the periodic model offers an effective means of investigating FAS in <jats:italic>M. nemestrina<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, when nutrition is maintained, intermittent intake of ethanol by the pregnant primate does not necessarily reatard fetal growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350040206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T20:41:31Z","timestamp":1118522491000},"page":"143-157","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["A periodic dosing model of fetal alcohol syndrome in the pig\u2010tailed macaque (<i>Macaca nemestrina<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"D. M.","family":"Bowden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. S.","family":"Weathersbee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. K.","family":"Clarren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. E.","family":"Fahrenbruch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B. L.","family":"Goodlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. A.","family":"Caffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Procedural considerations in evaluating prenatal effects of alcohol in animals","volume":"2","author":"Abel E. L.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurobehavioral Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"A subhuman primate model for fetal alcohol syndrome research","volume":"3","author":"Altshuler H. L.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Neurobehavioral Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","first-page":"907","article-title":"Une technique de microdosage de l'ethanol dans le sang par chromatographie en phase vapeur","volume":"26","author":"Boiteau H. L.","year":"1968","journal-title":"Annales de Biologie Clinique"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03310480052033","article-title":"Recognition of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"245","author":"Clarren S. K.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(82)80340-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197805112981906"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657108990152"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7189297"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(78)80013-1","article-title":"Intrauterine ethanol\u2010induced termination of pregnancy in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)","volume":"132","author":"Dubin N. H.","year":"1978","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"55","article-title":"Human pharmacokinetics of ethanol. I. Peak blood concentrations and elimination in male and female subjects","volume":"5","author":"Dubowski D. M.","year":"1976","journal-title":"Alcohol Technical Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1980.tb05627.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsa.1977.38.2181"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4684-3477-4_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","first-page":"253","article-title":"Comparisons between an oral and an intravenous method to demonstrate the in utero effects of ethanol in the monkey","volume":"2","author":"Jacobson S.","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurobehavioral Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90555-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)91291-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1975.tb00820.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90062-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-196303000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","first-page":"1635","article-title":"Zur Klinik und Pathogeneses der Alkohol\u2010Embryopathie (Bericht \u00fcber 68 Patienten)","volume":"118","author":"Majewski F.","year":"1976","journal-title":"M\u00fcnchener Medizinische Wochenschrift"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","volume-title":"Principles and Procedures for Evaluating The Toxicity of Household Substances","author":"National Research Council","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"189","volume-title":"Progress in Dermatoglyphic Research","author":"Newell\u2010Morris L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04867.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(78)80420-X"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Primatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fajp.1350040206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/ajp.1350040206","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,19]],"date-time":"2023-10-19T12:52:00Z","timestamp":1697719920000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/ajp.1350040206"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/ajp.1350040206"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ajp.1350040206","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0275-2565","1098-2345"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0275-2565","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2345","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1983,1]]}}}