{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,18]],"date-time":"2023-11-18T11:54:47Z","timestamp":1700308487886},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3-4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]],"date-time":"2005-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1117756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":5267,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The endocrine profile during normal postpartum amenorrhea in chimpanzees (<jats:italic>Pan troglodytes<\/jats:italic>) closely resembles that of women, and its duration is similarly extended by nursing. However, when infant chimpanzees in our colony were removed at birth, excessively prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (7\u201326 months duration) occurred in 24% of cases. Our endocrine studies indicate that such prolonged postpartum amenorrhea (PPAm) is a pathological condition associated with chronically elevated serum prolactin levels and galactorrhea.<\/jats:p><jats:p>In the absence of nursing, we sought an alternate behavioral basis for PPAm. Breast and genital auto\u2010 and partner\u2010directed manipulation was compared in PPAm chimpanzees, normal 2\u20133 mo. postpartum chimpanzees (infants removed at birth), and regularly\u2010menstruating chimpanzees. A statistically significant pattern of breast, but not genital, manipulation was observed in the PPAm group only, at levels comparable to normal suckling. In particular, a characteristic pattern of nipple auto\u2010manipulation (spooling) occurred. Two partner\u2010stimulated PPAm animals were also identified: when caged individually, they resumed cycling within a few days. In contrast, 2 self\u2010stimulators did not resume cyclicity when isolated. These observations suggested that interruption of breast stimulation allowed cyclicity to resume.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Treatment of PPAm chimpanzees with oral Bromocryptine Mesylate (Sandoz, 2.5\u20135.0 mg b.i.d.) was associated with depression of prolactin levels in most animals and resumption of cyclicity in 11\/13 subjects within 4 months. Oral Pergolide (Eli Lilly, 200 \u03bcg once daily, 13\u201317 days), appeared much more effective, cyclicity resumed in 8\/8 animals within 14 days of commencing treatment; both drugs significantly reduced postpartum amenorrhea duration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350240310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,11]],"date-time":"2005-06-11T20:31:37Z","timestamp":1118521897000},"page":"245-255","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Postpartum infertility in common chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Charles E.","family":"Graham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elaine J.","family":"Struthers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William C.","family":"Hobson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Trent","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Faiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maire T.","family":"Buckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delwood C.","family":"Collins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Postpartum infertility in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)","volume":"10","author":"Alford P.","year":"1986","journal-title":"American Journal of Primatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/edrv-6-4-564"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-52-4-678"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.420200110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1980.tb01384.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1984.tb03437.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-91-1-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"Postpartum hyperprolactinemic fertility in chimpanzees","volume":"4","author":"Graham C. E.","year":"1983","journal-title":"American Journal of Primatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"142","article-title":"Atypical behavior associated with prolonged post\u2010partum amenorrhea in chimpanzees","volume":"8","author":"Graham C. E.","year":"1987","journal-title":"International Journal of Primatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Atypical behavior associated with prolonged postpartum amenorrhea in chimpanzees","volume":"22","author":"Graham C. E.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Primate Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","unstructured":"Graham C. E.;Struthers E. J.;Hobson W. C.andFaiman C.Prolonged Postpartum Amenorrhea In Chimpanzees: Etiology And Treatment. Abstracts of the NCRR Conference on Comparative Reproduction in Mammals and Man p16. Nairobi Kenya 23\u201327 November 1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","first-page":"8","volume-title":"Proceedings of the NCRR Conference on Comparative Reproduction in Mammals and Man","author":"Graham C. 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