{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T11:44:02Z","timestamp":1769168642483,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1231372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Giant bamboo (<jats:italic>Cathariostachys madagascariensis<\/jats:italic>) is a major food plant for three sympatric species of bamboo\u2010eating lemurs (<jats:italic>Hapalemur aureus<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>H. griseus<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Prolemur simus<\/jats:italic>) in the rain forests of southeastern Madagascar. This plant species is strongly cyanogenic. However, quantitative data on cyanide concentration in <jats:italic>C. madagascariensis<\/jats:italic> are scarce. Previous studies reported 15\u2009mg cyanide per 100\u2009g fresh shoot material (corresponding to approx. 57\u2009\u00b5mol cyanide per gram dry weight). However, we found mean concentrations (\u00b1SE) ranging from 139.3\u00b119.32 in ground shoots to 217.7\u00b116.80\u2009\u00b5mol cyanide per gram dry weight in branch shoots. Thus, cyanogenesis of <jats:italic>C. madagascariensis<\/jats:italic> was up to four times higher than reported before. In contrast to the strongly cyanogenic shoots no cyanide could be detected in differently aged leaves of <jats:italic>C. madagascariensis<\/jats:italic> confirming earlier studies. Within individual shoots fine\u2010scaled analysis revealed a characteristic ontogenetic pattern of cyanide accumulation. Highest concentrations were found in youngest parts near the apical meristem, whereas concentrations decreased in older shoot parts. Beyond the general intra\u2010individual variability of cyanogenic features analyses indicated site\u2010specific variability of both, the ontogenetic pattern of cyanide concentration as well as the total amount of cyanide accumulated in shoots. Additionally, analyses of soluble proteins\u2014one important nutritive measure affecting food plant quality\u2014demonstrated a converse quantitative relation of protein concentrations in leaves to cyanide concentration in shoots at the site\u2010specific level. We, thus, suggest integrative analyses on quantitative variation of cyanogenesis together with nutritive plant parameters in future studies. This approach would allow obtaining more detailed insights into spatial variability of giant bamboo's overall browse quality and its impact on lemur herbivores. Am. J. Primatol. 71:305\u2013315, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,8]],"date-time":"2009-01-08T16:54:09Z","timestamp":1231433649000},"page":"305-315","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Quantitative variability of cyanogenesis in <i>Cathariostachys madagascariensis<\/i>\u2014the main food plant of bamboo lemurs in Southeastern Madagascar"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Ballhorn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Kautz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fanny 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