{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,3]],"date-time":"2025-11-03T13:30:35Z","timestamp":1762176635839},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1366329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Vervet monkeys (<jats:italic>Chlorocebus aethiops<\/jats:italic>) exhibit bright blue scrotal skin which may function to mediate social interactions by acting as a socio\u2010sexual signal. Previous research on scrotal coloration among vervet monkeys was limited to experimental work on captive <jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic>, the least colorful vervet subspecies, and two field studies of the more colorful <jats:italic>Ch. a. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic>. In a study of free\u2010ranging and captive vervet monkeys in South Africa (<jats:italic>Ch. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic>), West Africa (<jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic>) and the Caribbean (<jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic>), we examined scrotal color variation across geographically distant subspecies. We provide an exploration of how digital photographs may be used to quantify and analyze blue and green skin coloration by examining the blue\u2013yellow opponency channel and luminance channel as color measures. We found that that at all ages the scrotal color of <jats:italic>Ch. a. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic> males was always bluer and darker than that of <jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic> males. Among <jats:italic>Ch. a. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic> scrotal color becomes bluer and lightens with increasing age, while the color of <jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic> males also lightens, but becomes less blue with increasing age. We suggest that color variation is related to maturation and may function as an age\u2010related signal among <jats:italic>Ch. a. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic>. We also found color was related to three morphological features among adults. For <jats:italic>Ch. a. pygerythrus<\/jats:italic>, higher body weight is associated with more blue color and longer canine length is associated with lighter color. Lighter color was associated with longer body lengths among <jats:italic>Ch. a. sabaeus<\/jats:italic>. Future studies focused on color variation within age classes are needed to examine the potential signal content of color in this species. Am. J. Primatol. 75:752\u2013762, 2013. \u00a9 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]],"date-time":"2013-04-19T13:23:23Z","timestamp":1366377803000},"page":"752-762","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Variation in Scrotal Color Among Widely Distributed Vervet Monkey Populations (<i>C<\/i><i>hlorocebus Aethiops Pygerythrus<\/i> and <i>Chlorocebus Aethiops Sabaeus<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"JENNIFER DANZY","family":"CRAMER","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Women's Studies American Military University and American Public University Charles Town, West Virginia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TEGAN","family":"GAETANO","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOSEPH P.","family":"GRAY","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"PAUL","family":"GROBLER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JOSEPH G.","family":"LORENZ","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology &amp; Museum Studies Central Washington University Ellensburg, Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"NELSON B.","family":"FREIMER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics University of California\u2010Los Angeles Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"CHRISTOPHER A.","family":"SCHMITT","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics University of California\u2010Los Angeles Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TRUDY R.","family":"TURNER","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Wisconsin\u2010Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin"},{"name":"Department of Genetics University of the Free State Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9780691207278"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","first-page":"47","volume-title":"Animal signals: signaling and signal design in animal communication","author":"Andersson S.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"Bird coloration V1: mechanisms and measurements","author":"Andersson S","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","unstructured":"AntonSC SnodgrassJJ.2009. 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