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Much of this research has focused on macaque monkeys; less is known about the extent of and risk factors for abnormal behavior in baboons. Because abnormal behavior can be indicative of poor welfare, either past or present, the purpose of this study was to survey the presence of abnormal behavior in captive baboons and to identify potential risk factors for these behaviors with an aim of prevention. Subjects were 144 baboons (119 females, 25 males) aged 3\u201329 (median\u2009=\u20099.18) years temporarily singly housed for research or clinical reasons. A 15\u2010min focal observation was conducted on each subject using the Noldus Observer\u00ae program. Abnormal behavior was observed in 26% of the subjects, with motor stereotypy (e.g., pace, rock, swing) being the most common. Motor stereotypy was negatively associated with age when first singly housed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005) while self\u2010directed behavior (e.g., hair pull, self\u2010bite) was positively associated with the lifetime number of days singly housed (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) and the average number of blood draws per year (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). In addition, abnormal appetitive behavior was associated with being male (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Although the baboons in this study exhibited relatively low levels of abnormal behavior, the risk factors for these behaviors (e.g., social restriction, routine veterinary procedures, and sex) appear to remain consistent across primate species. Am. J. 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