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Tapeworms in the genus<jats:italic>Taenia<\/jats:italic>exploit a variety of vertebrates, including livestock, humans, and geladas (<jats:italic>Theropithecus gelada<\/jats:italic>), monkeys endemic to the alpine grasslands of Ethiopia. Despite<jats:italic>Taenia<\/jats:italic>'s adverse societal and economic impacts, we know little about the prevalence of disease associated with<jats:italic>Taenia<\/jats:italic>infection in wildlife or the impacts of this disease on host health, mortality and reproduction. We monitored geladas at Guassa, Ethiopia over a continuous 6\u00bd year period for external evidence (cysts or coenuri) of<jats:italic>Taenia<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated disease (coenurosis) and evaluated the impact of coenurosis on host survival and reproduction. We also identified (through genetic and histological analyses) the tapeworms causing coenurosis in wild geladas at Guassa as<jats:italic>Taenia serialis<\/jats:italic>. Nearly 1\/3 of adult geladas at Guassa possessed \u22651 coenurus at some point in the study. Coenurosis adversely impacted gelada survival and reproduction at Guassa and this impact spanned two generations: adults with coenuri suffered higher mortality than members of their sex without coenuri and offspring of females with coenuri also suffered higher mortality. Coenurosis also negatively affected adult reproduction, lengthening interbirth intervals and reducing the likelihood that males successfully assumed reproductive control over units of females. Our study provides the first empirical evidence that coenurosis increases mortality and reduces fertility in wild nonhuman primate hosts. Our research highlights the value of longitudinal monitoring of individually recognized animals in natural populations for advancing knowledge of parasite\u2010host evolutionary dynamics and offering clues to the etiology and control of infectious disease. Am. J. 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