{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:08:32Z","timestamp":1789636112256,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]],"date-time":"2015-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI50529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI50529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 AI58715"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 AI58715"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 AI045008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 AI045008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 AI 055400"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 AI 055400"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008982","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IOS\u2010LTREB\u20101052693"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IOS\u2010LTREB\u20101052693"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Enteric dysbiosis is a characteristic feature of progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV\u20101) infection but has not been observed in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVmac)\u2010infected macaques, including in animals with end\u2010stage disease. This has raised questions concerning the mechanisms underlying the HIV\u20101 associated enteropathy, with factors other than virus infection, such as lifestyle and antibiotic use, implicated as playing possible causal roles. Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) is also associated with increased mortality in wild\u2010living communities, and like HIV\u20101 and SIVmac, can cause CD4\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      T cell depletion and immunodeficiency in infected individuals. Given the central role of the intestinal microbiome in mammalian health, we asked whether gut microbial constituents could be identified that are indicative of SIVcpz status and\/or disease progression. Here, we characterized the gut microbiome of SIVcpz\u2010infected and \u2010uninfected chimpanzees in Gombe National Park, Tanzania. Subjecting a small number of fecal samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u20099) to metagenomic (shotgun) sequencing, we found bacteria of the family\n                      <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                      to be enriched in SIVcpz\u2010infected chimpanzees. However, 16S rRNA gene sequencing of a larger number of samples (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u2009123) failed to show significant differences in both the composition and diversity (alpha and beta) of gut bacterial communities between infected (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200924) and uninfected (\n                      <jats:italic>N\u2009<\/jats:italic>\n                      =\u200926) chimpanzees. Similarly, chimpanzee stool\u2010associated circular virus (Chi\u2010SCV) and chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAdV) identified by metagenomic sequencing were neither more prevalent nor more abundant in SIVcpz\u2010infected individuals. However, fecal samples collected from SIVcpz\u2010infected chimpanzees within 5 months before their AIDS\u2010related death exhibited significant compositional changes in their gut bacteriome. These data indicate that SIVcpz\u2010infected chimpanzees retain a stable gut microbiome throughout much of their natural infection course, with a significant destabilization of bacterial (but not viral) communities observed only in individuals with known immunodeficiency within the last several months before their death. Am. J. Primatol. 80:e22515, 2018. \u00a9 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,17]],"date-time":"2015-12-17T10:01:03Z","timestamp":1450346463000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Destabilization of the gut microbiome marks the end\u2010stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in wild chimpanzees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"Hannah J.","family":"Barbian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"Klase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences University of the Sciences Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iddi","family":"Lipende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gombe Stream Research Center Kigoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deus","family":"Mjungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gombe Stream Research Center Kigoma Tanzania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew H.","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology University of California Berkeley California"},{"name":"Miller Institute for Basic Research University of California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael L.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Pusey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Evolutionary Anthropology Duke University Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth V.","family":"Lonsdorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Franklin and Marshall College Lancaster Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederic D.","family":"Bushman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice H.","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00296\u201015","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00296-15","article-title":"Neutralization properties of simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting chimpanzees and gorillas","volume":"6","author":"Barbian 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Factors affecting enteric adenovirus infection dynamics in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in Gombe National Park Tanzania: Implications for global health and biodiversity conservation (Honors thesis). Retrieved from the Emory Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110994109"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2013.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1001052"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.09.024","article-title":"Pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection is associated with expansion of the enteric virome","volume":"151","author":"Handley Scott A","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200309050-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","first-page":"415\u2013429","volume-title":"Evolutionary genomics: 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