{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T18:19:51Z","timestamp":1784830791578,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Oregon Graduate Student Research Award"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>In this article, I describe a previously unreported maxillary lateral incisor defect (MLID) of the enamel in great apes and evaluate potential general causes (genetic, systemic stress, or localized disturbance), as well as examine differences in prevalence among the represented taxa. This defect occurred only on the labial surface of the maxillary lateral incisor and extended from the cervical\u2010mesial quarter of the crown to the mesial edge of the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The study sample consisted of 136 great ape specimens, including 41 gorillas, 25 chimpanzees, and 70 orangutans from the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History great ape collection. I used logistic regression to assess the prevalence of this defect in the sample and a binomial probability test for bilaterality. This defect of the maxillary lateral incisor is the second most common defect I observed in the study sample (30.1% of individuals affected), and was more likely to occur in individuals with linear enamel hypoplasia (LEH) and pit defects than those without these defects. Among specimens with both maxillary lateral incisors present, the defect was mostly bilateral. <jats:italic>Pan<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic> were significantly more likely to exhibit the defect than <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>. Between <jats:italic>Pongo<\/jats:italic> species, <jats:italic>Pongo pygmaeus<\/jats:italic> was significantly more likely to exhibit the defect than <jats:italic>Pongo abelii<\/jats:italic>. Between subspecies of <jats:italic>Gorilla<\/jats:italic>, although <jats:italic>Gorilla gorilla gorilla<\/jats:italic> exhibited the defect and <jats:italic>Gorilla gorilla beringei<\/jats:italic> did not, the difference was not significant. No sex differences were evident in this sample. The prevalence of this defect indicates it is not hereditary. The bilateral trend indicates a systemic cause, although the high inter\u2010tooth specificity suggests a local disturbance and a combination of both is possible.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.22594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]],"date-time":"2016-09-19T16:03:13Z","timestamp":1474300993000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prevalence of an unusual hypoplastic defect of the permanent maxillary lateral incisor in great apes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Darcy L.","family":"Hannibal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Reproduction University of California Davis California"},{"name":"California National Primate Research Center University of California Davis California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330860208"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Life history, growth, and dental development in young primates: A study using captive rhesus macaques [dissertation]","author":"Bowman J. 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