{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T21:32:36Z","timestamp":1789594356880,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH U42\u2010OD\u2010011197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH U42\u2010OD\u2010011197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to advances in captive nonhuman primate (NHP) medical care, the number of geriatric chimpanzees (\u226535\u2010years old) is growing. With old age comes a variety of physical conditions, including arthritis, stroke, and mobility impairments. Programs aimed at enhancing the welfare of geriatric chimpanzees are now quite common, but there are few published empirical evaluations of the efficacy of such programs. The current study aimed to create, implement, and evaluate the effects of participation in a physical therapy (PT) program on physical health, mobility, welfare, and behavior. Nine chimpanzees with mobility impairments participated in personalized PT routines (using positive reinforcement training) twice per week for 5 months. Additionally, nine control chimpanzees (non\u2010mobility\u2010impaired, matched with PT chimpanzees on age and gender) participated in body exam behavior sessions (also using positive reinforcement training) twice per week. All chimpanzees were rated on 14 health, well\u2010being, and behavior items, as well as level of mobility throughout the PT program. Chimpanzees that participated in the PT program showed significant increases in ratings of physical health, well\u2010being, and activity levels across phases of the program. Furthermore, compared to control chimpanzees, PT chimpanzees showed significant increases in ratings of ease of movement. Because raters were not blind to physical therapy treatment, our results represent an initial evaluation of the program that may suggest that participation in the PT program has physical, behavioral, and welfare benefits. Assessments of novel geriatric\u2010focused care strategies and programs are essential to further enhance the welfare of the captive chimpanzee population, which is currently comprised of many geriatric animals, whose proportion of the captive population will only increase.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23109","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]],"date-time":"2020-02-20T12:21:45Z","timestamp":1582201305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The implementation and initial evaluation of a physical therapy program for captive chimpanzees (<i>Pan troglodytes<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9393-3528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Neal Webb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, National Center for Chimpanzee Care  Bastrop Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer P.","family":"Bridges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, National Center for Chimpanzee Care  Bastrop Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Thiele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, National Center for Chimpanzee Care  Bastrop Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan P.","family":"Lambeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, National Center for Chimpanzee Care  Bastrop Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Schapiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Michale E. Keeling Center for Comparative Medicine and Research, National Center for Chimpanzee Care  Bastrop Texas"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine The University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2361(2000)19:2<111::AID-ZOO2>3.0.CO;2-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0962728600026981"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"111","article-title":"Establishing a behavioral management program for geriatric chimpanzees","volume":"77","author":"Bridges J. P.","year":"2015","journal-title":"American Journal of Primatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Weight management in captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) using a modified feeding device","volume":"75","author":"Bridges J. 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Presented at the Joint meeting of the International Primatological Society and the American Society of Primatologists Chicago IL."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20140333"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.12.1301"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.1350370104"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/001316447303300309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2016.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/81.4.995"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"43","article-title":"Using positive reinforcement techniques to train for acupuncture treatment in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): An innovative approach in managing an aging colony","volume":"74","author":"Haller R. 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