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Recent studies confirmed that <jats:italic>C. dryas<\/jats:italic> is a basal member of the savanna monkey clade, and that it prefers dense undergrowth in lowland rainforest. While these studies advanced our knowledge of this enigmatic species, key aspects of its natural history remain poorly documented. Furthermore, the lack of a field study that documents pelage patterns of both sexes and different age classes of <jats:italic>C. dryas<\/jats:italic> has led to a disagreement over the validity of <jats:italic>C. salongo<\/jats:italic> as a sister taxon to <jats:italic>C. dryas<\/jats:italic>. Using the results of two multi\u2010strata camera trap surveys in Lomami National Park (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and its buffer zone, we conducted a third survey in the understory of degraded forest to accumulate videos of <jats:italic>C. dryas\/salongo<\/jats:italic>. We used these videos to test the hypothesis that <jats:italic>C. dryas<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. salongo<\/jats:italic> are synonymous, and to assess the species' group composition, density, behavior and vocalizations. Camera traps revealed an ontogenetic change in pelage pattern that supports the view that <jats:italic>C. salongo<\/jats:italic> is the adult of <jats:italic>C. dryas<\/jats:italic>. Videos revealed that adult males develop a blue perineum and scrotum, and a red subcaudal patch, similar to other savanna monkeys. We provide a preliminary assessment of <jats:italic>C. dryas'<\/jats:italic> group composition, density, behavior, and vocalizations. This long\u2010overlooked monkey is an exceptional member of the <jats:italic>Chlorocebus<\/jats:italic> clade, and all aspects of its biology require further investigation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,7]],"date-time":"2021-05-07T13:49:10Z","timestamp":1620395350000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A natural history of <i>Chlorocebus dryas<\/i> from camera traps in Lomami National Park and its buffer zone, Democratic Republic of the Congo, with notes on the species status of <i>Cercopithecus salongo<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"83","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0468-4679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Alempijevic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ephrem M.","family":"Boliabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frankfurt Zoological Society  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4478-1702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kathryn F.","family":"Coates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terese B.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frankfurt Zoological Society  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5800-0156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Frankfurt Zoological Society  Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4597-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate M.","family":"Detwiler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology Florida Atlantic University  Boca Raton Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0030605320000575"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20055"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.20924"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/1568539X-00003049"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"306","volume-title":"Mammals of Africa: Volume II Primates","author":"Butynski T. 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