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As zoos are invested in maintaining naturalistic behaviors and physiology, this is an important aspect of gorilla physical and mental health. We examined how exposure to combination and progestin\u2010only oral birth control pills altered cyclic progesterone and timing of sexual behaviors in four female gorillas at four institutions compared to cycling controls. Hormonal data were collected using fecal steroid metabolites as detected by enzyme immunoassay. Behavioral data were collected via one\u2010zero sampling done by keeper staff. All methods of oral contraceptive eliminated the ovarian cycle, with fecal progestogens being maintained below baselines in cycling control individuals. There was also no evidence of any cyclic patterning in endogenous progesterone, suggesting that the methods tested do not allow for detection of a recovery of endogenous progesterone during a short no\u2010pill period. We also found that the oral contraceptives altered the timing of behavioral displays when compared to cycling control individuals but was not directly related to any fluctuations in endogenous progesterone. This study reveals a need for additional research on contraceptive use in gorillas and reinforces that sexual behavior in gorillas is both hormonally and socially mediated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T07:55:10Z","timestamp":1658130910000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Chemical contraceptive impacts on cyclic progesterone and sexual behavior in zoo\u2010housed Western lowland gorillas"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6817-1672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew K.","family":"LeFauve","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Department of Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Canisius College Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychology Canisius College Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9622-904X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan W.","family":"Margulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Behavior, Ecology, and Conservation Canisius College Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Biology Canisius College Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/zoo.21310"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"e103","article-title":"Advanced oral contraceptive regimens and their management","volume":"6","author":"Alam M. 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