{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T01:10:31Z","timestamp":1776215431415,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]],"date-time":"2022-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002347","name":"Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["01LC1617A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["01LC1617A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002347","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The relevance of emerging infectious diseases continues to grow worldwide as human activities increasingly extend into formerly remote natural areas. This is particularly noticeable on the island of Madagascar. As closest relatives to humans on the island, lemurs are of particular relevance as a potential origin of zoonotic pathogen spillover. Knowledge of pathogens circulating in lemur populations is, however, very poor. Particularly little is known about lemur hemoparasites. To infer host range, ecological and geographic spread of the recently described hemoparasitic nematode <jats:italic>Lemurfilaria lemuris<\/jats:italic> in northwestern Madagascar, a total of 942 individuals of two mouse lemur species (<jats:italic>Microcebus murinus<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009207] and <jats:italic>Microcebus ravelobensis<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009433]) and two rodent species (the endemic <jats:italic>Eliurus myoxinus<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009118] and the invasive <jats:italic>Rattus rattus<\/jats:italic> [<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009184]) were captured in two fragmented forest landscapes (Ankarafantsika National Park and Mariarano Classified Forest) in northwestern Madagascar for blood sample examination. No protozoan hemoparasites were detected by microscopic blood smear screening. Microfilaria were present in 1.0% (2\/207) of <jats:italic>M. murinus<\/jats:italic> and 2.1% (9\/433) of <jats:italic>M. ravelobensis<\/jats:italic> blood samples but not in rodent samples. Internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS\u20101) sequences were identical to an unnamed Onchocercidae species previously described to infect a larger lemur species, <jats:italic>Propithecus verreauxi<\/jats:italic>, about 650\u2009km further south. In contrast to expectations, <jats:italic>L. lemuris<\/jats:italic> was not detected. The finding of a pathogen in a distantly related host species, at a considerable geographic distance from the location of its original detection, instead of a microfilaria species previously described for one of the studied host species in the same region, illustrates our low level of knowledge of lemur hemoparasites, their host ranges, distribution, modes of transmission, and their zoonotic potential. Our findings shall stimulate new research that will be of relevance for both conservation medicine and human epidemiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T06:44:08Z","timestamp":1670827448000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Filarial infections in lemurs:\u00a0Evidence for a wide geographical distribution and low host specificity among lemur species"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2517-8553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik","family":"Kiene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"},{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"},{"name":"Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Service University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hannover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0051-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7222-0289","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bertrand","family":"Andriatsitohaina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Doctorale Ecosyst\u00e8mes Naturels (EDEN) University of Mahajanga  Mahajanga Madagascar"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement University of Mahajanga  Mahajanga Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5807-4649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malcolm S.","family":"Ramsay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0454-7743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romule","family":"Rakotondravony","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecole Doctorale Ecosyst\u00e8mes Naturels (EDEN) University of Mahajanga  Mahajanga Madagascar"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, de Technologies et de l'Environnement University of Mahajanga  Mahajanga Madagascar"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9093-1006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"Strube","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Infection Medicine, Institute for Parasitology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0814-2404","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"Radespiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Zoology University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover  Hanover Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851994215.0000","volume-title":"Nematode parasites of vertebrates their development and transmission","author":"Anderson R. 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