{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T21:50:02Z","timestamp":1786571402564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The environments in which neotropical primates live have been undergoing an intense fragmentation process, constituting a major threat to the species' survival and causing resource scarcity, social isolation, and difficulty in dispersal, leaving populations increasingly vulnerable. Moreover, the proximity of wild environments to anthropized landscapes can change the dynamics of pathogens and the parasite\u2010host\u2010environment relationship, creating conditions that favor exposure to different pathogens. To investigate the previous exposure of free\u2010living primates in Rio Grande do Sul State (RS), southern Brazil, to the bacterial agents <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. and <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>, we investigated agglutinating antibodies against 23 serovars of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. using the microscopic agglutination test and <jats:italic>B. abortus<\/jats:italic> acidified antigen test in primate serum samples; 101 samples from primates captured between 2002 and 2016 in different forest fragments were used: 63 <jats:italic>Alouatta caraya<\/jats:italic>, 36 <jats:italic>Alouatta guariba clamitans<\/jats:italic>, and 02 <jats:italic>Sapajus nigritus cucullatus<\/jats:italic>. In addition, the forest remnants where the primates were sampled were characterized in a multiscale approach in radii ranging from 200 to 1400\u2009m to investigate the potential relationship of previous exposure to the agent with the elements that make up the landscape structure. The serological investigation indicated the presence of antibodies for at least one of the 23 serovars of <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. in 36.6% (37\/101) of the samples analyzed, with titers ranging from 100 to 1600. The most observed serovars were Panama (17.8%), Ballum (5.9%), Butembo (5.9%), Canicola (5.9%), Hardjo (4.9%), and Tarassovi (3.9%); no samples were seropositive for <jats:italic>Brucella abortus<\/jats:italic>. Decreased forest cover and edge density were the landscape factors that had a significant relationship with <jats:italic>Leptospira<\/jats:italic> spp. exposure, indicating that habitat fragmentation may influence contact with the pathogen. The data generated in this study demonstrate the importance of understanding how changes in landscape structure affect exposure to pathogenic microorganisms of zoonotic relevance. Hence, improving epidemiological research and understanding primates' ecological role in these settings can help improve environmental surveillance and conservation strategies for primate populations in different landscapes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.23472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T04:59:57Z","timestamp":1677128397000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Influence of landscape structure on previous exposure to <i>Leptospira<\/i> spp. and <i>Brucella abortus<\/i> in free\u2010living neotropical primates from southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Elisandro O.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Sa\u00fade \u00danica, Departamento de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria Preventiva Centro de Ci\u00eancias Rurais da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM)  Santa Maria Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vin\u00edcius F.","family":"Klain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Primatologia Escola de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade e da Vida da Pontif\u00edcia Universidade Cat\u00f3lica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"B. 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