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This research focuses on the social and demographic determinants of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> complex (MTBC) infection in free\u2010ranging long\u2010tailed macaques (<jats:italic>Macaca fascicularis<\/jats:italic>) in Thailand. Behavioral observations and noninvasive biological specimens (freshly defecated feces and rope\u2010baited oral samples) were collected from 98 long\u2010tailed macaques living in Wat Khao Thamon, southern Thailand, between August 2021 and February 2022. We detected the MTBC antigen using IS<jats:italic>6110<\/jats:italic> nested\u2010PCR method in 11 out of 98 monkeys (11.22%). Logistic GLMs revealed that the risk of MTBC acquisition was higher among macaques with frequent human\u2010macaque interactions, whereas increased social grooming of conspecifics showed a nonsignificant trend toward reducing the risk. 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More generally, the potential for increased disease prevalence in wildlife with frequent human interactions or reduced social buffering highlights the need to consider animal socio\u2010demography when developing strategies to understand and prevent the transmission of diseases between humans and wildlife.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,18]],"date-time":"2025-03-18T13:26:10Z","timestamp":1742304370000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Assessing the Sociodemographic Factors Associated With <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> Complex Infection Among Free\u2010Ranging Long\u2010Tailed Macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis<\/i>) in 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