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Data from wild primate populations provide insights into these processes. To contribute new insights from a well\u2010characterized population, we collected 200 fecal samples from five groups of Costa Rican capuchin monkeys from August 2020 to August 2021 and screened them for gastrointestinal parasites. We estimated annual home range sizes for the groups and used satellite imagery to measure forest productivity (via Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and forest cover within their home ranges. We also measured total monthly rainfall and average monthly temperature at the field site to explore the effects of local climate on parasitism. We used Bayesian regression models to examine the effects of these ecological variables on parasite richness, fecal parasite density, and parasite presence. We found that rainfall, and to a lesser extent, temperature, affected the presence and fecal density of certain parasitic taxa. The presence of the soil\u2010transmitted helminth\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    decreased in both hotter and rainier months, and hosts shed fewer\n                    <jats:italic>Strongyloides<\/jats:italic>\n                    eggs during hotter months. Infections with indirectly transmitted parasites (e.g.,\n                    <jats:italic>Prosthenorchis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.,\n                    <jats:italic>Hymenolepis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp.) were more common during drier months. This corresponds with times when fruit availability is lower and invertebrate consumption is higher at this site. These findings highlight the relationship between climate and patterns of parasitic infection in hosts, likely reflecting changes in host diet, behavior, and parasite abundance.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70111","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,5]],"date-time":"2026-01-05T09:16:20Z","timestamp":1767604580000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Temperature and Rainfall Associate With Patterns of Parasitism in Free\u2010Ranging Capuchin Monkeys (\n                    <i>Cebus imitator<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Megan C.","family":"Henriquez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Farmingdale State College Farmingdale New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York USA"},{"name":"The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP) New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9826-751X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando A.","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadjira","family":"Hamou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Churcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joelle","family":"Hass","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Buehler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Tulane National Primate Research Center Covington Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darice","family":"Westphal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foundations of Medicine NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine Mineola New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suheidy Romero","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Santa Rosa Primate Project \u00c1rea de Concervaci\u00f3n Guanacaste Guanacaste Costa Rica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan J.","family":"Kutz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharine M.","family":"Jack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology Tulane University New Orleans Louisiana USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larissa","family":"Swedell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology, The Graduate Center City University of New York New York New York USA"},{"name":"The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP) New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Anthropology, CUNY Queens College New York New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Archaeology University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-2514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda D.","family":"Melin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Santa Rosa Primate Project \u00c1rea de Concervaci\u00f3n Guanacaste Guanacaste Costa Rica"},{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics University of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada"},{"name":"Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute University of Calgary Calgary Alberta 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