{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T19:38:12Z","timestamp":1785872292672,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":22,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["American J Primatol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Degenerative changes of the vertebral column are common in aging primates; however, patterns of spinal osteopathy remain poorly characterized across small\u2010 and medium\u2010bodied primate species, limiting comparative interpretations of skeletal aging. Expanding assessments beyond well\u2010studied taxa provides a broader framework for understanding primate musculoskeletal senescence and generates baseline data essential for interpreting vertebral degeneration in wild and semi\u2010free\u2010ranging populations, where ecological and life\u2010history factors influence skeletal aging. We investigated age\u2010, sex\u2010, and body mass\u2013related variation in vertebral osteopathies radiographically assessed in 70 captive vervet monkeys (\n                    <jats:italic>Chlorocebus aethiops<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Osteophytes were the most frequent lesion (78.6%), followed by discopathy (12.7%), syndesmophytes (2.9%), and scoliosis (1.4%). Age was the primary predictor of osteophyte presence across spinal regions, whereas sex and body mass showed no significant independent effects. In contrast, total osteophyte scores were significantly higher in older, heavier individuals, and females exhibited slightly higher adjusted scores than males. Nonlinear regression models revealed distinct age\u2010related trajectories among spinal regions, with osteophytes emerging earliest in the lumbar spine (~\u20091 year), followed by the cervical (~\u20097 years) and thoracic (~\u20099 years) regions. These findings characterize the natural history of spinal degeneration in vervet monkeys under captive conditions and provide comparative baseline data for distinguishing age\u2010related changes from pathological alterations in both captive and free\u2010ranging primate populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/ajp.70136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T07:14:52Z","timestamp":1774250092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Radiographic Assessment of Spinal Degeneration in Vervet Monkeys (\n                    <i>Chlorocebus aethiops<\/i>\n                    ): Prevalence, Patterns, and Relevance to Primate Aging Models"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"88","author":[{"given":"Camille Gabriela Ramos","family":"Portal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA) Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Amaral","family":"Imbeloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Primate Center, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Ministry of Health Ananindeua Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9211-4093","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila Canevese","family":"Rahal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wellington Bandeira","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Non\u2010Human Primate Breeding Service \u2013 Institute of Science and Technology in Biomodels (ICTB), Fiocruz Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Washington Takashi","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seizo","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical School S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP) Botucatu S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Mayor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departament d'Anatomia i Salut Animal Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, Bellaterra Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1406-9979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederico Ozanan Barros","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Animal Health and Production in the Amazon Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA) Bel\u00e9m Par\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12201"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2014.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1413-78522007000300002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butynski T. M. andY. A.De Jong.2022.Chlorocebus aethiops. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022. Technical Report: e.T4233A214886892.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4233A214886892.en.","DOI":"10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T4233A214886892.en"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-8644(200011)113:3<389::AID-AJPA9>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2019.0612"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88597-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"46","volume-title":"Conference: Workshop for Biodiversity Monitoring on Grivets of LTBR","author":"Dessalegn E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","volume-title":"Primate Adaptation and Evolution","author":"Fleagle J. 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